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创建数据源 (Android SDK)

Azure Maps Android SDK 将数据存储在数据源中。 使用数据源可优化用于查询和渲染的数据操作。 目前数据源有两种类型:

  • GeoJSON 源:在本地管理 GeoJSON 格式的原始位置数据。 适合中小型数据集(数十万个形状以上)。
  • 矢量图块源:基于地图图块系统,为当前的地图视图加载矢量图块格式的数据。 适合大型乃至超大型数据集(数百万或数十亿个形状)。

注意

Azure Maps Android SDK 停用

适用于 Android 的 Azure Maps 本机 SDK 现已弃用,将于 2025 年 3 月 31 日停用。 为了避免服务中断,请在 2025 年 3 月 31 日之前迁移到 Azure Maps Web SDK。 有关详细信息,请参阅 Azure Maps Android SDK 迁移指南

GeoJSON 数据源

Azure Maps 使用 GeoJSON 作为其主数据模型之一。 GeoJSON 是一种开放式地理空间标准方法,用于以 JSON 格式表示地理空间数据。 通过 Azure Maps Android SDK 中可用的 GeoJSON 类,可轻松创建和序列化 GeoJSON 数据。 在 DataSource 类中加载并存储 GeoJSON 数据,并使用层呈现它。 以下代码演示了如何在 Azure Maps 中创建 GeoJSON 对象。

/*
    Raw GeoJSON feature

    {
         "type": "Feature",
         "geometry": {
             "type": "Point",
             "coordinates": [-100, 45]
         },
         "properties": {
             "custom-property": "value"
         }
    }

*/

//Create a point feature.
Feature feature = Feature.fromGeometry(Point.fromLngLat(-100, 45));

//Add a property to the feature.
feature.addStringProperty("custom-property", "value");

//Add the feature to the data source.
source.add(feature);
/*
    Raw GeoJSON feature

    {
         "type": "Feature",
         "geometry": {
             "type": "Point",
             "coordinates": [-100, 45]
         },
         "properties": {
             "custom-property": "value"
         }
    }

*/

//Create a point feature.
val feature = Feature.fromGeometry(Point.fromLngLat(-100, 45))

//Add a property to the feature.
feature.addStringProperty("custom-property", "value")

//Add the feature to the data source.
source.add(feature)

提示

可以使用以下三种方法之一将 GeoJSON 数据添加到 DataSource 实例:addimportDataFromUrlsetShapessetShapes 方法提供了一种有效的方法来覆盖数据源中的所有数据。 如果依次调用 clearadd 方法来替换数据源中的所有数据,则会对该地图进行两次呈现调用。 setShape 方法只需对地图进行一次呈现调用,即可在数据源中清除并添加数据。

另外,也可以首先将属性加载到 JsonObject 中,然后在创建功能时将属性传入到该功能中,如以下示例代码所示。

//Create a JsonObject to store properties for the feature.
JsonObject properties = new JsonObject();
properties.addProperty("custom-property", "value");

Feature feature = Feature.fromGeometry(Point.fromLngLat(-100, 45), properties);
//Create a JsonObject to store properties for the feature.
val properties = JsonObject()
properties.addProperty("custom-property", "value")

val feature = Feature.fromGeometry(Point.fromLngLat(-100, 45), properties)

创建 GeoJSON 特征后,可以通过地图的 sources 属性将数据源添加到地图中。 下面的代码演示如何创建 DataSource,将其添加到地图,以及如何将特征添加到数据源。

//Create a data source and add it to the map.
DataSource source = new DataSource();
map.sources.add(source);

//Add GeoJSON feature to the data source.
source.add(feature);

下面的代码演示了几种创建 GeoJSON 特征、FeatureCollection 和几何图形的方式。

//GeoJSON Point Geometry
Point point = Point.fromLngLat(LONGITUDE, LATITUDE);

//GeoJSON Point Geometry
LineString linestring = LineString.fromLngLats(PointList);

//GeoJSON Polygon Geometry
Polygon polygon = Polygon.fromLngLats(listOfPointList);

Polygon polygonFromOuterInner = Polygon.fromOuterInner(outerLineStringObject,innerLineStringObject);

//GeoJSON MultiPoint Geometry
MultiPoint multiPoint = MultiPoint.fromLngLats(PointList);

//GeoJSON MultiLineString Geometry
MultiLineString multiLineStringFromLngLat = MultiLineString.fromLngLats(listOfPointList);

MultiLineString multiLineString = MultiLineString.fromLineString(singleLineString);

//GeoJSON MultiPolygon Geometry
MultiPolygon multiPolygon = MultiPolygon.fromLngLats(listOflistOfPointList);

MultiPolygon multiPolygonFromPolygon = MultiPolygon.fromPolygon(polygon);

MultiPolygon multiPolygonFromPolygons = MultiPolygon.fromPolygons(PolygonList);

//GeoJSON Feature
Feature pointFeature = Feature.fromGeometry(Point.fromLngLat(LONGITUDE, LATITUDE));

//GeoJSON FeatureCollection 
FeatureCollection featureCollectionFromSingleFeature = FeatureCollection.fromFeature(pointFeature);

FeatureCollection featureCollection = FeatureCollection.fromFeatures(listOfFeatures);
//GeoJSON Point Geometry
val point = Point.fromLngLat(LONGITUDE, LATITUDE)

//GeoJSON Point Geometry
val linestring = LineString.fromLngLats(PointList)

//GeoJSON Polygon Geometry
val polygon = Polygon.fromLngLats(listOfPointList)

val polygonFromOuterInner = Polygon.fromOuterInner(outerLineStringObject, innerLineStringObject)

//GeoJSON MultiPoint Geometry
val multiPoint = MultiPoint.fromLngLats(PointList)

//GeoJSON MultiLineString Geometry
val multiLineStringFromLngLat = MultiLineString.fromLngLats(listOfPointList)

val multiLineString = MultiLineString.fromLineString(singleLineString)

//GeoJSON MultiPolygon Geometry
val multiPolygon = MultiPolygon.fromLngLats(listOflistOfPointList)

val multiPolygonFromPolygon = MultiPolygon.fromPolygon(polygon)

val multiPolygonFromPolygons = MultiPolygon.fromPolygons(PolygonList)

//GeoJSON Feature
val pointFeature = Feature.fromGeometry(Point.fromLngLat(LONGITUDE, LATITUDE))

//GeoJSON FeatureCollection 
val featureCollectionFromSingleFeature = FeatureCollection.fromFeature(pointFeature)

val featureCollection = FeatureCollection.fromFeatures(listOfFeatures)

对 GeoJSON 进行序列化和反序列化

特征集合、特征和几何图形类都具有 fromJson()toJson() 静态方法,有助于进行序列化。 通过 fromJson() 方法传递的格式化有效 JSON 字符串将创建几何对象。 此 fromJson() 方法还意味着可以使用 Gson 或其他序列化/反序列化策略。 下面的代码演示如何获取字符串化 GeoJSON 特征并将其反序列化为特征类,然后将其序列化回 GeoJSON 字符串。

//Take a stringified GeoJSON object.
String GeoJSON_STRING = "{"
    + "      \"type\": \"Feature\","            
    + "      \"geometry\": {"
    + "            \"type\": \"Point\""
    + "            \"coordinates\": [-100, 45]"
    + "      },"
    + "      \"properties\": {"
    + "            \"custom-property\": \"value\""
    + "      },"
    + "}";

//Deserialize the JSON string into a feature.
Feature feature = Feature.fromJson(GeoJSON_STRING);

//Serialize a feature collection to a string.
String featureString = feature.toJson();
//Take a stringified GeoJSON object.
val GeoJSON_STRING = ("{"
        + "      \"type\": \"Feature\","
        + "      \"geometry\": {"
        + "            \"type\": \"Point\""
        + "            \"coordinates\": [-100, 45]"
        + "      },"
        + "      \"properties\": {"
        + "            \"custom-property\": \"value\""
        + "      },"
        + "}")

//Deserialize the JSON string into a feature.
val feature = Feature.fromJson(GeoJSON_STRING)

//Serialize a feature collection to a string.
val featureString = feature.toJson()

从 Web 或资产文件夹导入 GeoJSON 数据

大多数 GeoJSON 文件都包含一个 FeatureCollection。 将 GeoJSON 文件作为字符串读取,并使用 FeatureCollection.fromJson 方法对其进行反序列化。

DataSource 类具有一个名为 importDataFromUrl 的内置方法,该方法可使用指向 Web 上或资产文件夹中文件的 URL 加载到 GeoJSON 文件中。 在将数据源添加到地图之前,必须调用此方法。

zone_pivot_groups:azure-maps-android

//Create a data source and add it to the map.
DataSource source = new DataSource();

//Import the geojson data and add it to the data source.
source.importDataFromUrl("URL_or_FilePath_to_GeoJSON_data");

//Examples:
//source.importDataFromUrl("asset://sample_file.json");
//source.importDataFromUrl("https://example.com/sample_file.json");

//Add data source to the map.
map.sources.add(source);
//Create a data source and add it to the map.
var source = new DataSource()

//Import the geojson data and add it to the data source.
source.importDataFromUrl("URL_or_FilePath_to_GeoJSON_data")

//Examples:
//source.importDataFromUrl("asset://sample_file.json")
//source.importDataFromUrl("https://example.com/sample_file.json")

//Add data source to the map.
map.sources.add(source)

importDataFromUrl 方法提供了一种简单的方法来将 GeoJSON 源加载到数据源,但对加载数据的方式以及加载后发生的情况提供有限的控制。 下面的代码是一个可重用的类,用于将 Web 或资产文件夹中的数据导入,并通过回调函数将其返回到 UI 线程。 接下来,可在回调中添加更多加载后逻辑来处理数据,将其添加到地图,计算其边界框和更新地图相机。

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.webkit.URLUtil;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;

public class Utils {

    interface SimpleCallback {
        void notify(String result);
    }

    /**
     * Imports data from a web url or asset file name and returns it to a callback.
     * @param urlOrFileName A web url or asset file name that points to data to load.
     * @param context The context of the app.
     * @param callback The callback function to return the data to.
     */
    public static void importData(String urlOrFileName, Context context, SimpleCallback callback){
        importData(urlOrFileName, context, callback, null);
    }

    /**
     * Imports data from a web url or asset file name and returns it to a callback.
     * @param urlOrFileName A web url or asset file name that points to data to load.
     * @param context The context of the app.
     * @param callback The callback function to return the data to.
     * @param error A callback function to return errors to.
     */
    public static void importData(String urlOrFileName, Context context, SimpleCallback callback, SimpleCallback error){
        if(urlOrFileName != null && callback != null) {
            ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
            Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());

            executor.execute(() -> {
                String data = null;

                try {

                    if(URLUtil.isNetworkUrl(urlOrFileName)){
                        data = importFromWeb(urlOrFileName);
                    } else {
                        //Assume file is in assets folder.
                        data = importFromAssets(context, urlOrFileName);
                    }

                    final String result = data;

                    handler.post(() -> {
                        //Ensure the resulting data string is not null or empty.
                        if (result != null && !result.isEmpty()) {
                            callback.notify(result);
                        } else {
                            error.notify("No data imported.");
                        }
                    });
                } catch(Exception e) {
                    if(error != null){
                        error.notify(e.getMessage());
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }

    /**
     * Imports data from an assets file as a string.
     * @param context The context of the app.
     * @param fileName The asset file name.
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private static String importFromAssets(Context context, String fileName) throws IOException {
        InputStream stream = null;

        try {
            stream = context.getAssets().open(fileName);

            if(stream != null) {
                return readStreamAsString(stream);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // Close Stream and disconnect HTTPS connection.
            if (stream != null) {
                stream.close();
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Imports data from the web as a string.
     * @param url URL to the data.
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private static String importFromWeb(String url) throws IOException {
        InputStream stream = null;
        HttpsURLConnection connection = null;
        String result = null;

        try {
            connection = (HttpsURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection();

            //For this use case, set HTTP method to GET.
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");

            //Open communications link (network traffic occurs here).
            connection.connect();

            int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
            if (responseCode != HttpsURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                throw new IOException("HTTP error code: " + responseCode);
            }

            //Retrieve the response body as an InputStream.
            stream = connection.getInputStream();

            if (stream != null) {
                return readStreamAsString(stream);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // Close Stream and disconnect HTTPS connection.
            if (stream != null) {
                stream.close();
            }
            if (connection != null) {
                connection.disconnect();
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Reads an input stream as a string.
     * @param stream Stream to convert.
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private static String readStreamAsString(InputStream stream) throws IOException {
        //Convert the contents of an InputStream to a String.
        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream, "UTF-8"));

        String inputLine;
        StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();

        while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
            response.append(inputLine);
        }

        in.close();

        return response.toString();
    }
}
import android.content.Context
import android.os.Handler
import android.os.Looper
import android.webkit.URLUtil
import java.net.URL
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService
import java.util.concurrent.Executors

class Utils {
    companion object {

        /**
            * Imports data from a web url or asset file name and returns it to a callback.
            * @param urlOrFileName A web url or asset file name that points to data to load.
            * @param context The context of the app.
            * @param callback The callback function to return the data to.
            */
        fun importData(urlOrFileName: String?, context: Context, callback: (String?) -> Unit) {
            importData(urlOrFileName, context, callback, null)
        }

        /**
            * Imports data from a web url or asset file name and returns it to a callback.
            * @param urlOrFileName A web url or asset file name that points to data to load.
            * @param context The context of the app.
            * @param callback The callback function to return the data to.
            * @param error A callback function to return errors to.
            */
        public fun importData(urlOrFileName: String?, context: Context, callback: (String?) -> Unit, error: ((String?) -> Unit)?) {
            if (urlOrFileName != null && callback != null) {
                val executor: ExecutorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
                val handler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
                executor.execute {
                    var data: String? = null

                    try {
                        data = if (URLUtil.isNetworkUrl(urlOrFileName)) {
                            URL(urlOrFileName).readText()
                        } else { //Assume file is in assets folder.
                            context.assets.open(urlOrFileName).bufferedReader().use{
                                it.readText()
                            }
                        }

                        handler.post {
                            //Ensure the resulting data string is not null or empty.
                            if (data != null && !data.isEmpty()) {
                                callback(data)
                            } else {
                                error!!("No data imported.")
                            }
                        }
                    } catch (e: Exception) {
                        error!!(e.message)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

下面的代码演示了如何使用此实用工具将 GeoJSON 数据导入为字符串,并通过回调将其返回到 UI 线程。 在回调中,可以将字符串数据序列化为 GeoJSON 特征集合,并将其添加到数据源。 还可选择性更新地图照相机,将焦点对准数据。

//Create a data source and add it to the map.
DataSource source = new DataSource();
map.sources.add(source);

//Import the geojson data and add it to the data source.
Utils.importData("URL_or_FilePath_to_GeoJSON_data",
    this,
    (String result) -> {
        //Parse the data as a GeoJSON Feature Collection.
        FeatureCollection fc = FeatureCollection.fromJson(result);

        //Add the feature collection to the data source.
        source.add(fc);

        //Optionally, update the maps camera to focus in on the data.

        //Calculate the bounding box of all the data in the Feature Collection.
        BoundingBox bbox = MapMath.fromData(fc);

        //Update the maps camera so it is focused on the data.
        map.setCamera(
            bounds(bbox),
            padding(20));
    });
//Create a data source and add it to the map.
DataSource source = new DataSource();
map.sources.add(source);

//Import the GeoJSON data and add it to the data source.
Utils.importData("SamplePoiDataSet.json", this) { 
    result: String? ->
        //Parse the data as a GeoJSON Feature Collection.
            val fc = FeatureCollection.fromJson(result!!)

        //Add the feature collection to the data source.
        source.add(fc)

        //Optionally, update the maps camera to focus in on the data.

        //Calculate the bounding box of all the data in the Feature Collection.
        val bbox = MapMath.fromData(fc);

        //Update the maps camera so it is focused on the data.
        map.setCamera(
            bounds(bbox),

            //Padding added to account for pixel size of rendered points.
            padding(20)
        )
    }

更新特征

DataSource 类可以轻松添加和移除功能。 更新特征的几何图形或属性需要在数据源中替换该特征。 可使用两种方法来更新特征:

  1. 使用所需的更新创建新特征,并使用 setShapes 方法替换数据源中的所有特征。 当你希望更新数据源中的所有特征时,此方法非常有效。
DataSource source;

private void onReady(AzureMap map) {
    //Create a data source and add it to the map.
    source = new DataSource();
    map.sources.add(source);

    //Create a feature and add it to the data source.
    Feature myFeature = Feature.fromGeometry(Point.fromLngLat(0,0));
    myFeature.addStringProperty("Name", "Original value");

    source.add(myFeature);
}

private void updateFeature(){
    //Create a new replacement feature with an updated geometry and property value.
    Feature myNewFeature = Feature.fromGeometry(Point.fromLngLat(-10, 10));
    myNewFeature.addStringProperty("Name", "New value");

    //Replace all features to the data source with the new one.
    source.setShapes(myNewFeature);
}
var source: DataSource? = null

private fun onReady(map: AzureMap) {
    //Create a data source and add it to the map.
    source = DataSource()
    map.sources.add(source)

    //Create a feature and add it to the data source.
    val myFeature = Feature.fromGeometry(Point.fromLngLat(0.0, 0.0))
    myFeature.addStringProperty("Name", "Original value")
    source!!.add(myFeature)
}

private fun updateFeature() {
    //Create a new replacement feature with an updated geometry and property value.
    val myNewFeature = Feature.fromGeometry(Point.fromLngLat(-10.0, 10.0))
    myNewFeature.addStringProperty("Name", "New value")

    //Replace all features to the data source with the new one.
    source!!.setShapes(myNewFeature)
}
  1. 跟踪变量中的功能实例,并将其传递到数据源 remove 方法中以删除它。 使用所需更新创建新特征,更新变量引用并使用 add 方法将其添加到数据源。
DataSource source;
Feature myFeature;

private void onReady(AzureMap map) {
    //Create a data source and add it to the map.
    source = new DataSource();
    map.sources.add(source);

    //Create a feature and add it to the data source.
    myFeature = Feature.fromGeometry(Point.fromLngLat(0,0));
    myFeature.addStringProperty("Name", "Original value");

    source.add(myFeature);
}

private void updateFeature(){
    //Remove the feature instance from the data source.
    source.remove(myFeature);

    //Get properties from original feature.
    JsonObject props = myFeature.properties();

    //Update a property.
    props.addProperty("Name", "New value");

    //Create a new replacement feature with an updated geometry.
    myFeature = Feature.fromGeometry(Point.fromLngLat(-10, 10), props);

    //Re-add the feature to the data source.
    source.add(myFeature);
}
var source: DataSource? = null
var myFeature: Feature? = null

private fun onReady(map: AzureMap) {
    //Create a data source and add it to the map.
    source = DataSource()
    map.sources.add(source)

    //Create a feature and add it to the data source.
    myFeature = Feature.fromGeometry(Point.fromLngLat(0.0, 0.0))
    myFeature.addStringProperty("Name", "Original value")
    source!!.add(myFeature)
}

private fun updateFeature() {
    //Remove the feature instance from the data source.
    source!!.remove(myFeature)

    //Get properties from original feature.
    val props = myFeature!!.properties()

    //Update a property.
    props!!.addProperty("Name", "New value")

    //Create a new replacement feature with an updated geometry.
    myFeature = Feature.fromGeometry(Point.fromLngLat(-10.0, 10.0), props)

    //Re-add the feature to the data source.
    source!!.add(myFeature)
}

提示

如果有一些数据需要定期更新,而其他数据很少更改,最好将这些数据拆分到单独的数据源实例中。 当数据源中发生更新时,该更新会强制地图重画数据源中的所有特征。 拆分此数据后,当一个数据源中发生更新时,只有定期更新的特征才会重画,另一个数据源中的特征不需要重画。 这有助于提高性能。

矢量图块源

矢量图块源介绍如何访问矢量图块层。 使用 VectorTileSource 类实例化矢量图块源。 矢量图块层与图块层类似,但不同。 图块层是光栅图像。 矢量图块层是压缩文件,为 PBF 格式。 此压缩文件包含矢量地图数据以及一个或多个层。 根据每层的样式,可以在客户端渲染文件并设计文件样式。 矢量图块中的数据包含点、线和多边形形式的地理功能。 相比光栅图块层,使用矢量图块层有多种优势:

  • 矢量图块的文件大小通常比等效的光栅图块小得多。 因此,使用的带宽更少。 这意味着延迟较低、地图较快和用户体验更好。
  • 由于矢量图块在客户端渲染,所以它们会适应要显示它们的设备的分辨率。 因此,渲染的地图看起来更清晰,可清楚地看到标签。
  • 更改矢量地图中的数据样式不需要重新下载数据,因为新样式可应用于客户端。 相反,更改光栅图块层的样式通常需要从服务器加载图块,然后再应用新样式。
  • 由于数据以矢量形式传递,所以准备数据所需的服务器端处理更少。 因此,可以更快地提供较新的数据。

Azure Maps 遵循开放式标准 - Mapbox 矢量图块规范。 Azure Maps 在平台中提供以下矢量图块服务:

提示

通过 Web SDK 使用 Azure Maps 渲染服务中的矢量或光栅图块时,可以使用占位符 azmapsdomain.invalid 替代 atlas.microsoft.com。 此占位符将替换为地图使用的相同域,还会自动附加相同的身份验证详细信息。 这样可大大简化使用 Microsoft Entra 身份验证时通过呈现服务进行的身份验证。

要在地图上显示矢量图块源中的数据,请将该源连接到数据渲染层之一。 使用矢量源的所有层都必须在选项中指定一个 sourceLayer 值。 以下代码可将 Azure Maps 交通流矢量图块服务加载为矢量图块源,然后使用线条层在地图上进行显示。 该矢量图块源在源层中有一个数据集,称为“交通流”。 此数据集中的线条数据包含一个 traffic_level 属性,在此代码中用于选择颜色和缩放线条大小。

//Formatted URL to the traffic flow vector tiles, with the maps subscription key appended to it.
String trafficFlowUrl = "https://azmapsdomain.invalid/traffic/flow/tile/pbf?api-version=1.0&style=relative&zoom={z}&x={x}&y={y}";

//Create a vector tile source and add it to the map.
VectorTileSource source = new VectorTileSource(
    tiles(new String[] { trafficFlowUrl }),
    maxSourceZoom(22)
);
map.sources.add(source);

//Create a layer for traffic flow lines.
LineLayer layer = new LineLayer(source,
    //The name of the data layer within the data source to pass into this rendering layer.
    sourceLayer("Traffic flow"),

    //Color the roads based on the traffic_level property.
    strokeColor(
        interpolate(
            linear(),
            get("traffic_level"),
            stop(0, color(Color.RED)),
            stop(0.33, color(Color.YELLOW)),
            stop(0.66, color(Color.GREEN))
        )
    ),

    //Scale the width of roads based on the traffic_level property.
    strokeWidth(
        interpolate(
            linear(),
            get("traffic_level"),
            stop(0, 6),
            stop(1,1)
        )
    )
);

//Add the traffic flow layer below the labels to make the map clearer.
map.layers.add(layer, "labels");
//Formatted URL to the traffic flow vector tiles, with the maps subscription key appended to it.
val trafficFlowUrl = "https://azmapsdomain.invalid/traffic/flow/tile/pbf?api-version=1.0&style=relative&zoom={z}&x={x}&y={y}"

//Create a vector tile source and add it to the map.
val source = VectorTileSource(
    tiles(arrayOf(trafficFlowUrl)),
    maxSourceZoom(22)
)
map.sources.add(source)

//Create a layer for traffic flow lines.
val layer = LineLayer(
    source,  //The name of the data layer within the data source to pass into this rendering layer.
    sourceLayer("Traffic flow"),  //Color the roads based on the traffic_level property.
    strokeColor(
        interpolate(
            linear(),
            get("traffic_level"),
            stop(0, color(Color.RED)),
            stop(0.33, color(Color.YELLOW)),
            stop(0.66, color(Color.GREEN))
        )
    ),  //Scale the width of roads based on the traffic_level property.
    strokeWidth(
        interpolate(
            linear(),
            get("traffic_level"),
            stop(0, 6),
            stop(1, 1)
        )
    )
)

//Add the traffic flow layer below the labels to make the map clearer.
map.layers.add(layer, "labels")

用色彩编码的道路线显示交通流情况的地图

将数据源连接到层

使用渲染层在地图上渲染数据。 一个或多个呈现层可以引用单个数据源。 以下渲染层需要数据源:

  • 气泡层 - 将点数据渲染为地图上的缩放圆圈。
  • 符号层 - 将点数据呈现为图标或文本。
  • 热度地图层 - 将点数据渲染为密度热度地图。
  • 线条层 - 渲染线条和/或渲染多边形边框。
  • 多边形层 - 使用纯色或图像图案填充多边形区域。

以下代码演示了如何创建数据源,将其添加到地图中,然后将其连接到气泡层。 然后,从远程位置向数据源中导入 GeoJSON 点数据。

//Create a data source and add it to the map.
DataSource source = new DataSource();

//Import the geojson data and add it to the data source.
source.importDataFromUrl("URL_or_FilePath_to_GeoJSON_data");

//Add data source to the map.
map.sources.add(source);

//Create a layer that defines how to render points in the data source and add it to the map.
BubbleLayer layer = new BubbleLayer(source);
map.layers.add(layer);
//Create a data source and add it to the map.
val source = DataSource()

//Import the geojson data and add it to the data source.
source.importDataFromUrl("URL_or_FilePath_to_GeoJSON_data")

//Add data source to the map.
map.sources.add(source)

还有更多渲染层不会连接到这些数据源,而是直接加载数据以进行渲染。

  • 图块层 - 将光栅图块层叠加到地图顶部。

包含多个层的单个数据源

可将多个层连接到单个数据源。 在许多不同方案中,这种选择都很有用。 例如,假设用户绘制多边形的场景。 当用户向地图中添加点时,我们应渲染并填充多边形区域。 如果对多边形边框添加样式化的线条,用户在绘制时则可以更清晰地看到多边形的边缘。 若要方便地编辑多边形中的单个位置,可以在每个位置上添加图柄,如单边锁定或标记。

地图,显示了从单个数据源渲染数据的多个层

大多数地图平台中都需要一个多边形对象、一个线条对象以及用于多边形中各个位置的单边锁定。 由于修改了多边形,因此你需要手动更新线条和单边锁定,这可能很快就变得复杂起来。

使用 Azure Maps,只需在数据源中创建一个多边形,如以下代码所示。

//Create a data source and add it to the map.
DataSource source = new DataSource();
map.sources.add(source);

//Create a polygon and add it to the data source.
source.add(Polygon.fromLngLats(/* List of points */));

//Create a polygon layer to render the filled in area of the polygon.
PolygonLayer polygonLayer = new PolygonLayer(source,
    fillColor("rgba(255,165,0,0.2)")
);

//Create a line layer for greater control of rendering the outline of the polygon.
LineLayer lineLayer = new LineLayer(source,
    strokeColor("orange"),
    strokeWidth(2f)
);

//Create a bubble layer to render the vertices of the polygon as scaled circles.
BubbleLayer bubbleLayer = new BubbleLayer(source,
    bubbleColor("orange"),
    bubbleRadius(5f),
    bubbleStrokeColor("white"),
    bubbleStrokeWidth(2f)
);

//Add all layers to the map.
map.layers.add(new Layer[] { polygonLayer, lineLayer, bubbleLayer });
//Create a data source and add it to the map.
val source = DataSource()
map.sources.add(source)

//Create a polygon and add it to the data source.
source.add(Polygon.fromLngLats())

//Create a polygon layer to render the filled in area of the polygon.
val polygonLayer = PolygonLayer(
    source,
    fillColor("rgba(255,165,0,0.2)")
)

//Create a line layer for greater control of rendering the outline of the polygon.
val lineLayer = LineLayer(
    source,
    strokeColor("orange"),
    strokeWidth(2f)
)

//Create a bubble layer to render the vertices of the polygon as scaled circles.
val bubbleLayer = BubbleLayer(
    source,
    bubbleColor("orange"),
    bubbleRadius(5f),
    bubbleStrokeColor("white"),
    bubbleStrokeWidth(2f)
)

//Add all layers to the map.
map.layers.add(arrayOf<Layer>(polygonLayer, lineLayer, bubbleLayer))

提示

使用 map.layers.add 方法向地图中添加层时,可以将现有层的 ID 或实例作为第二个参数传递。 这会告知地图将要添加的新层插入到现有层下方。 除传递层 ID 之外,这种方法还支持以下值。

  • "labels" - 将新层插入到地图标签层之下。
  • "transit" - 将新层插入到地图道路和中转层之下。

后续步骤

有关可向地图添加的更多代码示例,请参阅以下文章: