开窗函数

适用于:勾选“是” Databricks SQL 勾选“是” Databricks Runtime

对一组行进行操作的函数(称为开窗),并基于行组计算每行的返回值。 开窗函数可用于处理任务,如计算移动平均值、计算累积统计信息或访问给定当前行的相对位置的行值。

语法

function OVER { window_name | ( window_name ) | window_spec }

function
  { ranking_function | analytic_function | aggregate_function }

over_clause
  OVER { window_name | ( window_name ) | window_spec }

window_spec
  ( [ PARTITION BY partition [ , ... ] ] [ order_by ] [ window_frame ] )

参数

  • 函数

    对窗口运行的函数。 不同种类的函数支持窗口规范的不同配置。

  • window_name

    标识由查询定义的命名窗口规范。

  • window_spec

    此子句定义如何在组中对行进行分组和排序,以及函数对分区中的哪些行运行。

    • partition

      一个或多个表达式,用于指定一个行组,该组定义函数在哪个范围运行。 如果未指定 PARTITION 子句,则分区将由所有行组成。

    • order_by

      ORDER BY 子句指定行在分区中的顺序。

    • window_frame

      window frame 子句指定分区中对其运行聚合或分析函数的行的滑动子集。

可以指定 SORT BY 作为 ORDER BY 的别名。

还可以指定 DISTRIBUTE BY 作为 PARTITION BY 的别名。 在没有 ORDER BY 的情况下,可以使用 CLUSTER BY 作为 PARTITION BY 的别名。

示例

> CREATE TABLE employees
   (name STRING, dept STRING, salary INT, age INT);
> INSERT INTO employees
   VALUES ('Lisa', 'Sales', 10000, 35),
          ('Evan', 'Sales', 32000, 38),
          ('Fred', 'Engineering', 21000, 28),
          ('Alex', 'Sales', 30000, 33),
          ('Tom', 'Engineering', 23000, 33),
          ('Jane', 'Marketing', 29000, 28),
          ('Jeff', 'Marketing', 35000, 38),
          ('Paul', 'Engineering', 29000, 23),
          ('Chloe', 'Engineering', 23000, 25);

> SELECT name, dept, salary, age FROM employees;
 Chloe Engineering 23000   25
  Fred Engineering 21000   28
  Paul Engineering 29000   23
 Helen   Marketing 29000   40
   Tom Engineering 23000   33
  Jane   Marketing 29000   28
  Jeff   Marketing 35000   38
  Evan       Sales 32000   38
  Lisa       Sales 10000   35
  Alex       Sales 30000   33

> SELECT name,
         dept,
         RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY salary) AS rank
  FROM employees;
  Lisa       Sales  10000    1
  Alex       Sales  30000    2
  Evan       Sales  32000    3
  Fred Engineering  21000    1
   Tom Engineering  23000    2
 Chloe Engineering  23000    2
  Paul Engineering  29000    4
 Helen   Marketing  29000    1
  Jane   Marketing  29000    1
  Jeff   Marketing  35000    3

> SELECT name,
         dept,
         DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY salary
                            ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS dense_rank
    FROM employees;
  Lisa       Sales  10000          1
  Alex       Sales  30000          2
  Evan       Sales  32000          3
  Fred Engineering  21000          1
   Tom Engineering  23000          2
 Chloe Engineering  23000          2
  Paul Engineering  29000          3
 Helen   Marketing  29000          1
  Jane   Marketing  29000          1
  Jeff   Marketing  35000          2

> SELECT name,
         dept,
         age,
         CUME_DIST() OVER (PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY age
                           RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS cume_dist
    FROM employees;
  Alex       Sales     33 0.3333333333333333
  Lisa       Sales     35 0.6666666666666666
  Evan       Sales     38                1.0
  Paul Engineering     23               0.25
 Chloe Engineering     25               0.50
  Fred Engineering     28               0.75
   Tom Engineering     33                1.0
  Jane   Marketing     28 0.3333333333333333
  Jeff   Marketing     38 0.6666666666666666
 Helen   Marketing     40                1.0

> SELECT name,
         dept,
         salary,
         MIN(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY salary) AS min
    FROM employees;
  Lisa       Sales  10000 10000
  Alex       Sales  30000 10000
  Evan       Sales  32000 10000
 Helen   Marketing  29000 29000
  Jane   Marketing  29000 29000
  Jeff   Marketing  35000 29000
  Fred Engineering  21000 21000
   Tom Engineering  23000 21000
 Chloe Engineering  23000 21000
  Paul Engineering  29000 21000

> SELECT name,
         salary,
         LAG(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY salary) AS lag,
         LEAD(salary, 1, 0) OVER (PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY salary) AS lead
    FROM employees;
  Lisa       Sales  10000 NULL  30000
  Alex       Sales  30000 10000 32000
  Evan       Sales  32000 30000     0
  Fred Engineering  21000  NULL 23000
 Chloe Engineering  23000 21000 23000
   Tom Engineering  23000 23000 29000
  Paul Engineering  29000 23000     0
 Helen   Marketing  29000  NULL 29000
  Jane   Marketing  29000 29000 35000
  Jeff   Marketing  35000 29000     0