开窗函数
适用于：
Databricks SQL Databricks Runtime
对一组行进行操作的函数（称为开窗），并基于行组计算每行的返回值。 开窗函数可用于处理任务，如计算移动平均值、计算累积统计信息或访问给定当前行的相对位置的行值。
语法
function OVER { window_name | ( window_name ) | window_spec }
function
{ ranking_function | analytic_function | aggregate_function }
over_clause
OVER { window_name | ( window_name ) | window_spec }
window_spec
( [ PARTITION BY partition [ , ... ] ] [ order_by ] [ window_frame ] )
参数
函数
对窗口运行的函数。 不同类别的函数支持窗口规范的不同配置。
ranking_function
任何排名窗口函数。
如果指定，则 window_spec 必须包含 ORDER BY 子句，但不能包含 window_frame 子句。
analytic_function
任何分析窗口函数。
aggregate_function
任何聚合函数。
如果指定，则该函数不得包含 FILTER 子句。
window_name
window_spec
此子句定义如何在组中对行进行分组和排序，以及函数对分区中的哪些行运行。
partition
一个或多个表达式，用于指定一个行组，该组定义函数在哪个范围运行。 如果未指定 PARTITION 子句，则分区将由所有行组成。
order_by
ORDER BY 子句指定行在分区中的顺序。
window_frame
window frame 子句指定分区中对其运行聚合或分析函数的行的滑动子集。
可以指定 SORT BY 作为 ORDER BY 的别名。
还可以指定 DISTRIBUTE BY 作为 PARTITION BY 的别名。 在没有 ORDER BY 的情况下，可以使用 CLUSTER BY 作为 PARTITION BY 的别名。
示例
> CREATE TABLE employees
(name STRING, dept STRING, salary INT, age INT);
> INSERT INTO employees
VALUES ('Lisa', 'Sales', 10000, 35),
('Evan', 'Sales', 32000, 38),
('Fred', 'Engineering', 21000, 28),
('Alex', 'Sales', 30000, 33),
('Tom', 'Engineering', 23000, 33),
('Jane', 'Marketing', 29000, 28),
('Jeff', 'Marketing', 35000, 38),
('Paul', 'Engineering', 29000, 23),
('Chloe', 'Engineering', 23000, 25);
> SELECT name, dept, salary, age FROM employees;
Chloe Engineering 23000 25
Fred Engineering 21000 28
Paul Engineering 29000 23
Helen Marketing 29000 40
Tom Engineering 23000 33
Jane Marketing 29000 28
Jeff Marketing 35000 38
Evan Sales 32000 38
Lisa Sales 10000 35
Alex Sales 30000 33
> SELECT name,
dept,
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY salary) AS rank
FROM employees;
Lisa Sales 10000 1
Alex Sales 30000 2
Evan Sales 32000 3
Fred Engineering 21000 1
Tom Engineering 23000 2
Chloe Engineering 23000 2
Paul Engineering 29000 4
Helen Marketing 29000 1
Jane Marketing 29000 1
Jeff Marketing 35000 3
> SELECT name,
dept,
DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY salary
ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS dense_rank
FROM employees;
Lisa Sales 10000 1
Alex Sales 30000 2
Evan Sales 32000 3
Fred Engineering 21000 1
Tom Engineering 23000 2
Chloe Engineering 23000 2
Paul Engineering 29000 3
Helen Marketing 29000 1
Jane Marketing 29000 1
Jeff Marketing 35000 2
> SELECT name,
dept,
age,
CUME_DIST() OVER (PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY age
RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS cume_dist
FROM employees;
Alex Sales 33 0.3333333333333333
Lisa Sales 35 0.6666666666666666
Evan Sales 38 1.0
Paul Engineering 23 0.25
Chloe Engineering 25 0.50
Fred Engineering 28 0.75
Tom Engineering 33 1.0
Jane Marketing 28 0.3333333333333333
Jeff Marketing 38 0.6666666666666666
Helen Marketing 40 1.0
> SELECT name,
dept,
salary,
MIN(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY salary) AS min
FROM employees;
Lisa Sales 10000 10000
Alex Sales 30000 10000
Evan Sales 32000 10000
Helen Marketing 29000 29000
Jane Marketing 29000 29000
Jeff Marketing 35000 29000
Fred Engineering 21000 21000
Tom Engineering 23000 21000
Chloe Engineering 23000 21000
Paul Engineering 29000 21000
> SELECT name,
salary,
LAG(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY salary) AS lag,
LEAD(salary, 1, 0) OVER (PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY salary) AS lead
FROM employees;
Lisa Sales 10000 NULL 30000
Alex Sales 30000 10000 32000
Evan Sales 32000 30000 0
Fred Engineering 21000 NULL 23000
Chloe Engineering 23000 21000 23000
Tom Engineering 23000 23000 29000
Paul Engineering 29000 23000 0
Helen Marketing 29000 NULL 29000
Jane Marketing 29000 29000 35000
Jeff Marketing 35000 29000 0