Console.ReadLine 方法

参考

定义

命名空间:: System

程序集:: System.Console.dll

程序集:: mscorlib.dll

程序集:: netstandard.dll

Source:: Console.cs

Source:: Console.cs

Source:: Console.cs

重要

一些信息与预发行产品相关，相应产品在发行之前可能会进行重大修改。对于此处提供的信息，Microsoft 不作任何明示或暗示的担保。

从标准输入流读取下一行字符。

public:
 static System::String ^ ReadLine();

[System.Runtime.Versioning.UnsupportedOSPlatform("browser")]
public static string? ReadLine ();

[System.Runtime.Versioning.UnsupportedOSPlatform("browser")]
[System.Runtime.Versioning.UnsupportedOSPlatform("android")]
public static string? ReadLine ();

public static string ReadLine ();

[<System.Runtime.Versioning.UnsupportedOSPlatform("browser")>]
static member ReadLine : unit -> string

[<System.Runtime.Versioning.UnsupportedOSPlatform("browser")>]
[<System.Runtime.Versioning.UnsupportedOSPlatform("android")>]
static member ReadLine : unit -> string

static member ReadLine : unit -> string

Public Shared Function ReadLine () As String

String

输入流中的下一行字符；如果没有更多的可用行，则为 null。

属性: UnsupportedOSPlatformAttribute

例外

IOException

出现 I/O 错误。

OutOfMemoryException

没有足够的内存来为返回的字符串分配缓冲区。

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

下一行字符中的字符数大于 Int32.MaxValue。

示例

以下示例需要两个命令行参数：现有文本文件的名称和要写入输出的文件的名称。它将打开现有文本文件，并将标准输入从键盘重定向到该文件。它还会将标准输出从控制台重定向到输出文件。然后， Console.ReadLine 它使用方法读取文件中的每一行，将四个空格的序列替换为制表符，并使用 Console.WriteLine 方法将结果写入输出文件。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;

int main()
{
   array<String^>^args = Environment::GetCommandLineArgs();
   const int tabSize = 4;
   String^ usageText = "Usage: INSERTTABS inputfile.txt outputfile.txt";
   StreamWriter^ writer = nullptr;
   if ( args->Length < 3 )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( usageText );
      return 1;
   }

   try
   {
      // Attempt to open output file.
      writer = gcnew StreamWriter( args[ 2 ] );
      // Redirect standard output from the console to the output file.
      Console::SetOut( writer );
      // Redirect standard input from the console to the input file.
      Console::SetIn( gcnew StreamReader( args[ 1 ] ) );
   }
   catch ( IOException^ e ) 
   {
      TextWriter^ errorWriter = Console::Error;
      errorWriter->WriteLine( e->Message );
      errorWriter->WriteLine( usageText );
      return 1;
   }

   String^ line;
   while ( (line = Console::ReadLine()) != nullptr )
   {
      String^ newLine = line->Replace( ((String^)"")->PadRight( tabSize, ' ' ), "\t" );
      Console::WriteLine( newLine );
   }

   writer->Close();
   
   // Recover the standard output stream so that a 
   // completion message can be displayed.
   StreamWriter^ standardOutput = gcnew StreamWriter( Console::OpenStandardOutput() );
   standardOutput->AutoFlush = true;
   Console::SetOut( standardOutput );
   Console::WriteLine( "INSERTTABS has completed the processing of {0}.", args[ 1 ] );
   return 0;
}

using System;
using System.IO;

public class InsertTabs
{
    private const int tabSize = 4;
    private const string usageText = "Usage: INSERTTABS inputfile.txt outputfile.txt";
    public static int Main(string[] args)
    {
        if (args.Length < 2)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(usageText);
            return 1;
        }

        try
        {
            // Attempt to open output file.
            using (var writer = new StreamWriter(args[1]))
            {
                using (var reader = new StreamReader(args[0]))
                {
                    // Redirect standard output from the console to the output file.
                    Console.SetOut(writer);
                    // Redirect standard input from the console to the input file.
                    Console.SetIn(reader);
                    string line;
                    while ((line = Console.ReadLine()) != null)
                    {
                        string newLine = line.Replace(("").PadRight(tabSize, ' '), "\t");
                        Console.WriteLine(newLine);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        catch(IOException e)
        {
            TextWriter errorWriter = Console.Error;
            errorWriter.WriteLine(e.Message);
            errorWriter.WriteLine(usageText);
            return 1;
        }

        // Recover the standard output stream so that a
        // completion message can be displayed.
        var standardOutput = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput());
        standardOutput.AutoFlush = true;
        Console.SetOut(standardOutput);
        Console.WriteLine($"INSERTTABS has completed the processing of {args[0]}.");
        return 0;
    }
}

open System
open System.IO

let tabSize = 4
let usageText = "Usage: INSERTTABS inputfile.txt outputfile.txt"

[<EntryPoint>]
let main args =
    if args.Length < 2 then
        Console.WriteLine usageText
        1
    else
        try
            // Attempt to open output file.
            use reader = new StreamReader(args[0])
            use writer = new StreamWriter(args[1])
            
            // Redirect standard output from the console to the output file.
            Console.SetOut writer
            
            // Redirect standard input from the console to the input file.
            Console.SetIn reader
            
            let mutable line = Console.ReadLine()
            while line <> null do
                let newLine = line.Replace(("").PadRight(tabSize, ' '), "\t")
                Console.WriteLine newLine
                line <- Console.ReadLine()

            // Recover the standard output stream so that a
            // completion message can be displayed.
            let standardOutput = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput())
            standardOutput.AutoFlush <- true
            Console.SetOut standardOutput
            Console.WriteLine $"INSERTTABS has completed the processing of {args[0]}."
            0

        with :? IOException as e -> 
            let errorWriter = Console.Error
            errorWriter.WriteLine e.Message
            errorWriter.WriteLine usageText
            1

Imports System.IO

Public Module InsertTabs
    Private Const tabSize As Integer = 4
    Private Const usageText As String = "Usage: INSERTTABS inputfile.txt outputfile.txt"
   
    Public Function Main(args As String()) As Integer
        If args.Length < 2 Then
            Console.WriteLine(usageText)
            Return 1
        End If
      
        Try
            ' Attempt to open output file.
            Using writer As New StreamWriter(args(1))
                Using reader As New StreamReader(args(0))
                    ' Redirect standard output from the console to the output file.
                    Console.SetOut(writer)
                    ' Redirect standard input from the console to the input file.
                    Console.SetIn(reader)
                    Dim line As String = Console.ReadLine()
                    While line IsNot Nothing
                        Dim newLine As String = line.Replace("".PadRight(tabSize, " "c), ControlChars.Tab)
                        Console.WriteLine(newLine)
                        line = Console.ReadLine()
                    End While
                End Using
            End Using
        Catch e As IOException
            Dim errorWriter As TextWriter = Console.Error
            errorWriter.WriteLine(e.Message)
            errorWriter.WriteLine(usageText)
            Return 1
        End Try

        ' Recover the standard output stream so that a 
        ' completion message can be displayed.
        Dim standardOutput As New StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput())
        standardOutput.AutoFlush = True
        Console.SetOut(standardOutput)
        Console.WriteLine($"INSERTTABS has completed the processing of {args(0)}.")
        Return 0
    End Function 
End Module

注解

方法 ReadLine 从标准输入流中读取一行。 (有关行的定义，请参阅以下 list 后面的段落。) 这意味着：

如果标准输入设备是键盘，则方法将 ReadLine 阻止，直到用户按 Enter 键。

方法的最常见用途 ReadLine 之一是在清除控制台并显示新信息之前暂停程序执行，或者在终止应用程序之前提示用户按 Enter 键。下面的示例对此进行了演示。

using namespace System;

void main()
{
    Console::Clear();

    DateTime dat = DateTime::Now;

    Console::WriteLine("\nToday is {0:d} at {0:T}.", dat);
    Console::Write("\nPress any key to continue... ");
    Console::ReadLine();
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//     Today is 10/26/2015 at 12:22:22 PM.
//     
//     Press any key to continue...

using System;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      Console.Clear();

      DateTime dat = DateTime.Now;

      Console.WriteLine("\nToday is {0:d} at {0:T}.", dat);
      Console.Write("\nPress any key to continue... ");
      Console.ReadLine();
   }
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//     Today is 10/26/2015 at 12:22:22 PM.
//
//     Press any key to continue...

open System

Console.Clear()

let dat = DateTime.Now

printfn $"\nToday is {dat:d} at {dat:T}." 
printf "\nPress any key to continue... "
Console.ReadLine() |> ignore

// The example displays output like the following:
//     Today is 12/28/2021 at 8:23:50 PM.
//
//     Press any key to continue...

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Console.Clear()

      Dim dat As Date = Date.Now

      Console.WriteLine()
      Console.WriteLine("Today is {0:d} at {0:T}.", dat)
      Console.WriteLine()
      Console.Write("Press any key to continue... ")
      Console.ReadLine()
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output like the following:
'     Today is 10/26/2015 at 12:22:22 PM.
'     
'     Press any key to continue...

如果标准输入重定向到文件，该方法 ReadLine 将从文件中读取一行文本。例如，下面是一个名为 ReadLine1.txt 的文本文件：


This is the first line.
This is the second line.
This is the third line.
This is the fourth line.

以下示例使用 ReadLine 方法读取从文件重定向的输入。当方法返回 null时，读取操作将终止，这指示没有要读取的行。

using System;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      if (! Console.IsInputRedirected) {
         Console.WriteLine("This example requires that input be redirected from a file.");
         return;
      }

      Console.WriteLine("About to call Console.ReadLine in a loop.");
      Console.WriteLine("----");
      String s;
      int ctr = 0;
      do {
         ctr++;
         s = Console.ReadLine();
         Console.WriteLine("Line {0}: {1}", ctr, s);
      } while (s != null);
      Console.WriteLine("---");
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       About to call Console.ReadLine in a loop.
//       ----
//       Line 1: This is the first line.
//       Line 2: This is the second line.
//       Line 3: This is the third line.
//       Line 4: This is the fourth line.
//       Line 5:
//       ---

open System

if not Console.IsInputRedirected then
    printfn "This example requires that input be redirected from a file."

printfn "About to call Console.ReadLine in a loop."
printfn "----"

let mutable s = ""
let mutable i = 0

while s <> null do
    i <- i + 1
    s <- Console.ReadLine()
    printfn $"Line {i}: {s}"
printfn "---"


// The example displays the following output:
//       About to call Console.ReadLine in a loop.
//       ----
//       Line 1: This is the first line.
//       Line 2: This is the second line.
//       Line 3: This is the third line.
//       Line 4: This is the fourth line.
//       Line 5:
//       ---

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      If Not Console.IsInputRedirected Then
         Console.WriteLine("This example requires that input be redirected from a file.")
         Exit Sub 
      End If

      Console.WriteLine("About to call Console.ReadLine in a loop.")
      Console.WriteLine("----")
      Dim s As String
      Dim ctr As Integer
      Do
         ctr += 1
         s = Console.ReadLine()
         Console.WriteLine("Line {0}: {1}", ctr, s)
      Loop While s IsNot Nothing
      Console.WriteLine("---")
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       About to call Console.ReadLine in a loop.
'       ----
'       Line 1: This is the first line.
'       Line 2: This is the second line.
'       Line 3: This is the third line.
'       Line 4: This is the fourth line.
'       Line 5:
'       ---

将示例编译为名为 ReadLine1.exe 的可执行文件后，可以从命令行运行它以读取文件的内容并将其显示到控制台。语法为：

ReadLine1 < ReadLine1.txt

行定义为字符序列，后跟十六进制0x000d) (回车符、 (十六进制0x000a) 换行符或属性的值 Environment.NewLine 。返回的字符串不包含) (终止字符。默认情况下，方法从 256 个字符的输入缓冲区读取输入。由于这包括 Environment.NewLine 字符 () ，因此该方法可以读取最多包含 254 个字符的行。若要读取较长的行，请 OpenStandardInput(Int32) 调用方法。

方法 ReadLine 同步执行。也就是说，在读取行或按 Ctrl+Z 键盘组合 (后跟 Enter 在 Windows) 之前，它一直处于阻塞状态。属性 In 返回一个 TextReader 对象，该对象表示标准输入流，并且具有同步 TextReader.ReadLine 方法和异步 TextReader.ReadLineAsync 方法。但是，当用作主机的标准输入流时， TextReader.ReadLineAsync 会同步而不是异步执行，并且仅在读取操作完成后返回 Task<String> 。

如果此方法引发 OutOfMemoryException 异常，则读取器在基础 Stream 对象中的位置将增加该方法能够读取的字符数，但已读入内部 ReadLine 缓冲区的字符将被丢弃。由于无法更改读取器在流中的位置，因此已读取的字符不可恢复，并且只能通过重新初始化 TextReader来访问。如果流中的初始位置未知或流不支持查找，则还需要重新初始化基础 Stream 。若要避免这种情况并生成可靠的代码，应使用 KeyAvailable 属性和 ReadKey 方法，并将读取字符存储在预先分配的缓冲区中。

如果在方法从控制台读取输入时按 Ctrl+Z 组合键 (后跟 Windows) 上的 Enter ，则该方法返回 null。这使用户能够在循环中调用方法时 ReadLine 阻止进一步的键盘输入。以下示例对此方案进行了说明。

using namespace System;

void main()
{
   String^ line;
   Console::WriteLine("Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):");
   Console::WriteLine();
   do { 
      Console::Write("   ");
      line = Console::ReadLine();
      if (line != nullptr) 
         Console::WriteLine("      " + line);
   } while (line != nullptr);   
}
// The following displays possible output from this example:
//       Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):
//       
//          This is line #1.
//             This is line #1.
//          This is line #2
//             This is line #2
//          ^Z
//       
//       >}

using System;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string line;
      Console.WriteLine("Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):");
      Console.WriteLine();
      do {
         Console.Write("   ");
         line = Console.ReadLine();
         if (line != null)
            Console.WriteLine("      " + line);
      } while (line != null);
   }
}
// The following displays possible output from this example:
//       Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):
//
//          This is line #1.
//             This is line #1.
//          This is line #2
//             This is line #2
//          ^Z
//
//       >

open System

printfn "Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):\n"

let mutable line = ""

while line <> null do
    printf "   "
    line <- Console.ReadLine()
    if line <> null then
        printfn $"      {line}"


// The following displays possible output from this example:
//       Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):
//
//          This is line #1.
//             This is line #1.
//          This is line #2
//             This is line #2
//          ^Z
//
//       >

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim line As String
      Console.WriteLine("Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):")
      Console.WriteLine()
      Do 
         Console.Write("   ")
         line = Console.ReadLine()
         If line IsNot Nothing Then Console.WriteLine("      " + line)
      Loop While line IsNot Nothing   
   End Sub
End Module
' The following displays possible output from this example:
'       Enter one or more lines of text (press CTRL+Z to exit):
'       
'          This is line #1.
'             This is line #1.
'          This is line #2
'             This is line #2
'          ^Z
'       
'       >

适用于

通过

Console.ReadLine 方法

定义

返回

例外

示例

注解

适用于

另请参阅

其他资源