IFormattable 接口

参考

定义

命名空间:: System

程序集:: System.Runtime.dll

程序集:: mscorlib.dll

程序集:: netstandard.dll

重要

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提供一种功能，用以将对象的值格式化为字符串表示形式。

public interface class IFormattable

public interface IFormattable

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public interface IFormattable

type IFormattable = interface

[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type IFormattable = interface

Public Interface IFormattable

派生: System.Byte

System.Char

System.DateOnly

System.DateTime

System.DateTimeOffset

更多…

属性: ComVisibleAttribute

示例

下面的示例定义一个实现 Temperature 接口的 IFormattable 类。类支持四种格式说明符：“G”和“C”，指示温度以摄氏度为单位显示;“F”，指示温度以华氏度显示;和“K”，指示温度以开氏度为单位显示。此外，实现 IFormattable.ToString 还可以处理为 null 或空的格式字符串。类定义的Temperature另外两ToString个方法只是包装对实现的IFormattable.ToString调用。

using System;
using System.Globalization;

public class Temperature : IFormattable
{
   private decimal temp;

   public Temperature(decimal temperature)
   {
      if (temperature < -273.15m)
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(String.Format("{0} is less than absolute zero.",
                                              temperature));
      this.temp = temperature;
   }

   public decimal Celsius
   {
      get { return temp; }
   }

   public decimal Fahrenheit
   {
      get { return temp * 9 / 5 + 32; }
   }

   public decimal Kelvin
   {
      get { return temp + 273.15m; }
   }

   public override string ToString()
   {
      return this.ToString("G", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
   }

   public string ToString(string format)
   {
      return this.ToString(format, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
   }

   public string ToString(string format, IFormatProvider provider)
   {
      if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(format)) format = "G";
      if (provider == null) provider = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;

      switch (format.ToUpperInvariant())
      {
         case "G":
         case "C":
            return temp.ToString("F2", provider) + " °C";
         case "F":
            return Fahrenheit.ToString("F2", provider) + " °F";
         case "K":
            return Kelvin.ToString("F2", provider) + " K";
         default:
            throw new FormatException(String.Format("The {0} format string is not supported.", format));
      }
   }
}

open System
open System.Globalization

type Temperature(temperature: decimal) =
    do 
        if temperature < -273.15M then
            raise (ArgumentOutOfRangeException $"{temperature} is less than absolute zero.")

    member _.Celsius =
        temperature

    member _.Fahrenheit =
        temperature * 9M / 5M + 32M

    member _.Kelvin =
        temperature + 273.15m

    override this.ToString() =
        this.ToString("G", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)

    member this.ToString(format) =
        this.ToString(format, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)

    member this.ToString(format, provider: IFormatProvider) =
        let format =
            if String.IsNullOrEmpty format then "G"
            else format

        let provider =
            if isNull provider then 
                CultureInfo.CurrentCulture :> IFormatProvider
            else provider

        match format.ToUpperInvariant() with
        | "G" | "C" ->
            temperature.ToString("F2", provider) + " °C"
        | "F" ->
            this.Fahrenheit.ToString("F2", provider) + " °F"
        | "K" ->
            this.Kelvin.ToString("F2", provider) + " K"
        | _ ->
            raise (FormatException $"The {format} format string is not supported.")

    interface IFormattable with
        member this.ToString(format, provider) = this.ToString(format, provider)

Imports System.Globalization

Public Class Temperature : Implements IFormattable
   Private temp As Decimal
   
   Public Sub New(temperature As Decimal)
      If temperature < -273.15 Then _ 
        Throw New ArgumentOutOfRangeException(String.Format("{0} is less than absolute zero.", _
                                              temperature))
      Me.temp = temperature
   End Sub
   
   Public ReadOnly Property Celsius As Decimal
      Get
         Return temp
      End Get
   End Property
   
   Public ReadOnly Property Fahrenheit As Decimal
      Get
         Return temp * 9 / 5 + 32
      End Get
   End Property
   
   Public ReadOnly Property Kelvin As Decimal
      Get
         Return temp + 273.15d
      End Get
   End Property

   Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
      Return Me.ToString("G", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)
   End Function
      
   Public Overloads Function ToString(fmt As String) As String
      Return Me.ToString(fmt, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)
   End Function
   
   Public Overloads Function ToString(fmt As String, provider As IFormatProvider) _
                   As String _
                   Implements IFormattable.ToString
      If String.IsNullOrEmpty(fmt) Then fmt = "G"
      If provider Is Nothing Then provider = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture
      
      Select Case fmt.ToUpperInvariant()
         Case "G", "C"
            Return temp.ToString("F2", provider) + " °C" 
         Case "F"
            Return Fahrenheit.ToString("F2", provider) + " °F"
         Case "K"
            Return Kelvin.ToString("F2", provider) + " K"
         Case Else
            Throw New FormatException(String.Format("The {0} format string is not supported.", fmt))
      End Select
   End Function
End Class

下面的示例随后直接或使用复合格式字符串调用 IFormattable.ToString 实现。

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Use composite formatting with format string in the format item.
      Temperature temp1 = new Temperature(0);
      Console.WriteLine("{0:C} (Celsius) = {0:K} (Kelvin) = {0:F} (Fahrenheit)\n", temp1);

      // Use composite formatting with a format provider.
      temp1 = new Temperature(-40);
      Console.WriteLine(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "{0:C} (Celsius) = {0:K} (Kelvin) = {0:F} (Fahrenheit)", temp1));
      Console.WriteLine(String.Format(new CultureInfo("fr-FR"), "{0:C} (Celsius) = {0:K} (Kelvin) = {0:F} (Fahrenheit)\n", temp1));

      // Call ToString method with format string.
      temp1 = new Temperature(32);
      Console.WriteLine("{0} (Celsius) = {1} (Kelvin) = {2} (Fahrenheit)\n",
                        temp1.ToString("C"), temp1.ToString("K"), temp1.ToString("F"));

      // Call ToString with format string and format provider
      temp1 = new Temperature(100)      ;
      NumberFormatInfo current = NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo;
      CultureInfo nl = new CultureInfo("nl-NL");
      Console.WriteLine("{0} (Celsius) = {1} (Kelvin) = {2} (Fahrenheit)",
                        temp1.ToString("C", current), temp1.ToString("K", current), temp1.ToString("F", current));
      Console.WriteLine("{0} (Celsius) = {1} (Kelvin) = {2} (Fahrenheit)",
                        temp1.ToString("C", nl), temp1.ToString("K", nl), temp1.ToString("F", nl));
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    0.00 °C (Celsius) = 273.15 K (Kelvin) = 32.00 °F (Fahrenheit)
//
//    -40.00 °C (Celsius) = 233.15 K (Kelvin) = -40.00 °F (Fahrenheit)
//    -40,00 °C (Celsius) = 233,15 K (Kelvin) = -40,00 °F (Fahrenheit)
//
//    32.00 °C (Celsius) = 305.15 K (Kelvin) = 89.60 °F (Fahrenheit)
//
//    100.00 °C (Celsius) = 373.15 K (Kelvin) = 212.00 °F (Fahrenheit)
//    100,00 °C (Celsius) = 373,15 K (Kelvin) = 212,00 °F (Fahrenheit)

open System
open System.Globalization

[<EntryPoint>]
let main _ =
    // Use composite formatting with format string in the format item.
    let temp1 = Temperature 0
    Console.WriteLine("{0:C} (Celsius) = {0:K} (Kelvin) = {0:F} (Fahrenheit)\n", temp1)

    // Use composite formatting with a format provider.
    let temp1 = Temperature -40
    String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "{0:C} (Celsius) = {0:K} (Kelvin) = {0:F} (Fahrenheit)", temp1)
    |> printfn "%s"
    String.Format(CultureInfo "fr-FR", "{0:C} (Celsius) = {0:K} (Kelvin) = {0:F} (Fahrenheit)\n", temp1)
    |> printfn "%s"

    // Call ToString method with format string.
    let temp1 = Temperature 32
    Console.WriteLine("{0} (Celsius) = {1} (Kelvin) = {2} (Fahrenheit)\n",
                      temp1.ToString "C", temp1.ToString "K", temp1.ToString "F")

    // Call ToString with format string and format provider
    let temp1 = Temperature 100      
    let current = NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo
    let nl = CultureInfo "nl-NL"
    Console.WriteLine("{0} (Celsius) = {1} (Kelvin) = {2} (Fahrenheit)",
                      temp1.ToString("C", current), temp1.ToString("K", current), temp1.ToString("F", current))
    Console.WriteLine("{0} (Celsius) = {1} (Kelvin) = {2} (Fahrenheit)",
                      temp1.ToString("C", nl), temp1.ToString("K", nl), temp1.ToString("F", nl))
    0

// The example displays the following output:
//    0.00 °C (Celsius) = 273.15 K (Kelvin) = 32.00 °F (Fahrenheit)
//
//    -40.00 °C (Celsius) = 233.15 K (Kelvin) = -40.00 °F (Fahrenheit)
//    -40,00 °C (Celsius) = 233,15 K (Kelvin) = -40,00 °F (Fahrenheit)
//
//    32.00 °C (Celsius) = 305.15 K (Kelvin) = 89.60 °F (Fahrenheit)
//
//    100.00 °C (Celsius) = 373.15 K (Kelvin) = 212.00 °F (Fahrenheit)
//    100,00 °C (Celsius) = 373,15 K (Kelvin) = 212,00 °F (Fahrenheit)

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Use composite formatting with format string in the format item.
      Dim temp1 As New Temperature(0)
      Console.WriteLine("{0:C} (Celsius) = {0:K} (Kelvin) = {0:F} (Fahrenheit)", temp1)
      Console.WriteLine()
      
      ' Use composite formatting with a format provider.
      temp1 = New Temperature(-40)
      Console.WriteLine(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "{0:C} (Celsius) = {0:K} (Kelvin) = {0:F} (Fahrenheit)", temp1))
      Console.WriteLine(String.Format(New CultureInfo("fr-FR"), "{0:C} (Celsius) = {0:K} (Kelvin) = {0:F} (Fahrenheit)", temp1))
      Console.WriteLine()
      
      ' Call ToString method with format string.
      temp1 = New Temperature(32)
      Console.WriteLine("{0} (Celsius) = {1} (Kelvin) = {2} (Fahrenheit)", _
                        temp1.ToString("C"), temp1.ToString("K"), temp1.ToString("F"))
      Console.WriteLine()

      ' Call ToString with format string and format provider
      temp1 = New Temperature(100)      
      Dim current As NumberFormatInfo = NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo
      Dim nl As New CultureInfo("nl-NL") 
      Console.WriteLine("{0} (Celsius) = {1} (Kelvin) = {2} (Fahrenheit)", _
                        temp1.ToString("C", current), temp1.ToString("K", current), temp1.ToString("F", current))
      Console.WriteLine("{0} (Celsius) = {1} (Kelvin) = {2} (Fahrenheit)", _
                        temp1.ToString("C", nl), temp1.ToString("K", nl), temp1.ToString("F", nl))
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       0.00 °C (Celsius) = 273.15 K (Kelvin) = 32.00 °F (Fahrenheit)
'       
'       -40.00 °C (Celsius) = 233.15 K (Kelvin) = -40.00 °F (Fahrenheit)
'       -40,00 °C (Celsius) = 233,15 K (Kelvin) = -40,00 °F (Fahrenheit)
'       
'       32.00 °C (Celsius) = 305.15 K (Kelvin) = 89.60 °F (Fahrenheit)
'       
'       100.00 °C (Celsius) = 373.15 K (Kelvin) = 212.00 °F (Fahrenheit)
'       100,00 °C (Celsius) = 373,15 K (Kelvin) = 212,00 °F (Fahrenheit)

注解

接口 IFormattable 基于格式字符串和格式提供程序将对象转换为其字符串表示形式。

格式字符串通常定义对象的常规外观。例如，.NET Framework支持以下内容：

用于设置枚举值格式的标准格式字符串 (请参阅枚举格式字符串) 。
用于设置数值格式的标准和自定义格式字符串 (请参阅标准数字格式字符串和自定义数字格式字符串) 。
用于设置日期和时间值格式的标准和自定义格式字符串 (请参阅标准日期和时间格式字符串和自定义日期和时间格式字符串) 。
用于设置时间间隔格式的标准和自定义格式字符串 (请参阅标准 TimeSpan 格式字符串和自定义 TimeSpan 格式字符串) 。

还可以定义自己的格式字符串，以支持应用程序定义类型的格式设置。

格式提供程序返回格式设置对象，该对象通常定义用于将对象转换为其字符串表示形式的符号。例如，将数字转换为货币值时，格式提供程序定义结果字符串中显示的货币符号。 .NET Framework定义了三个格式提供程序：

类 System.Globalization.CultureInfo ，它返回用于 NumberFormatInfo 设置数值格式的对象，或 DateTimeFormatInfo 用于设置日期和时间值格式的对象。
类 System.Globalization.NumberFormatInfo ，它返回其自身的实例，用于设置数值格式。
类 System.Globalization.DateTimeFormatInfo ，它返回用于设置日期和时间值格式的自身的实例。

此外，可以定义自己的自定义格式提供程序，以提供格式设置中使用的特定于区域性、特定于专业或行业的信息。有关使用自定义格式提供程序实现自定义格式设置的详细信息，请参阅 ICustomFormatter。

接口 IFormattable 定义单个方法 ToString，该方法为实现类型提供格式设置服务。 ToString可以直接调用方法。此外，它由 Convert.ToString(Object) 和 Convert.ToString(Object, IFormatProvider) 方法以及.NET Framework中使用复合格式设置功能的方法自动调用。此类方法包括 Console.WriteLine(String, Object)、 String.Format和 StringBuilder.AppendFormat(String, Object)等。对 ToString 方法的格式字符串中的每个格式项调用方法。

接口 IFormattable 由基数据类型实现。

实施者说明

需要对字符串的格式设置进行比提供的更多的 ToString() 控制的类应实现 IFormattable。

实现的 IFormattable 类必须支持“G” (常规) 格式说明符。除了“G”说明符之外，类还可以定义它支持的格式说明符列表。此外，类必须准备好处理格式 null说明符。有关设置代码格式和格式设置的详细信息，请参阅设置类型格式

方法

ToString(String, IFormatProvider)

使用指定格式对当前实例的值设置格式。

适用于

通过

IFormattable 接口

定义

示例

注解

实施者说明

方法

适用于

另请参阅

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