String.Normalize 方法

定义

返回一个新字符串,其二进制表示形式符合特定的 Unicode 范式。

重载

Normalize(NormalizationForm)

返回一个新字符串,其文本值与此字符串相同,但其二进制表示形式符合指定的 Unicode 范式。

Normalize()

返回一个新字符串,其文本值与此字符串相同,但其二进制表示形式符合 Unicode 范式 C。

示例

以下示例将字符串规范化为四种规范化形式中的每一种,确认字符串已规范化为指定的规范化形式,然后列出规范化字符串中的代码点。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Text;

void Show( String^ title, String^ s )
{
   Console::Write( "Characters in string {0} = ", title );
   for each (short x in s) {
      Console::Write("{0:X4} ", x);
   }
   Console::WriteLine();
}

int main()
{
   
   // Character c; combining characters acute and cedilla; character 3/4
   array<Char>^temp0 = {L'c',L'\u0301',L'\u0327',L'\u00BE'};
   String^ s1 = gcnew String( temp0 );
   String^ s2 = nullptr;
   String^ divider = gcnew String( '-',80 );
   divider = String::Concat( Environment::NewLine, divider, Environment::NewLine );

   Show( "s1", s1 );
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C" );
   Console::WriteLine( "U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT" );
   Console::WriteLine( "U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA" );
   Console::WriteLine( "U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS" );
   Console::WriteLine( divider );
   Console::WriteLine( "A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: {0}", s1->IsNormalized() );
   Console::WriteLine( "A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?:  {0}", s1->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormC ) );
   Console::WriteLine( "A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?:  {0}", s1->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormD ) );
   Console::WriteLine( "A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: {0}", s1->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormKC ) );
   Console::WriteLine( "A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: {0}", s1->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormKD ) );
   Console::WriteLine( divider );
   Console::WriteLine( "Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1." );
   Console::WriteLine();
   Console::WriteLine( "U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE" );
   Console::WriteLine( "U+0033 = DIGIT THREE" );
   Console::WriteLine( "U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH" );
   Console::WriteLine( "U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR" );
   Console::WriteLine( divider );
   s2 = s1->Normalize();
   Console::Write( "B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: " );
   Console::WriteLine( s2->IsNormalized() );
   Show( "s2", s2 );
   Console::WriteLine();
   s2 = s1->Normalize( NormalizationForm::FormC );
   Console::Write( "B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: " );
   Console::WriteLine( s2->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormC ) );
   Show( "s2", s2 );
   Console::WriteLine();
   s2 = s1->Normalize( NormalizationForm::FormD );
   Console::Write( "B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: " );
   Console::WriteLine( s2->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormD ) );
   Show( "s2", s2 );
   Console::WriteLine();
   s2 = s1->Normalize( NormalizationForm::FormKC );
   Console::Write( "B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: " );
   Console::WriteLine( s2->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormKC ) );
   Show( "s2", s2 );
   Console::WriteLine();
   s2 = s1->Normalize( NormalizationForm::FormKD );
   Console::Write( "B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: " );
   Console::WriteLine( s2->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormKD ) );
   Show( "s2", s2 );
   Console::WriteLine();
}

/*
This example produces the following results:

Characters in string s1 = 0063 0301 0327 00BE

U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C
U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA
U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: False
A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?:  False
A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?:  False
A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: False
A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: False

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1.

U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE
U+0033 = DIGIT THREE
U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH
U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE

B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE

B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: True
Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 00BE

B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 0033 2044 0034

B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: True
Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 0033 2044 0034

*/
using System;
using System.Text;

class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
       // Character c; combining characters acute and cedilla; character 3/4
       string s1 = new String( new char[] {'\u0063', '\u0301', '\u0327', '\u00BE'});
       string s2 = null;
       string divider = new String('-', 80);
       divider = String.Concat(Environment.NewLine, divider, Environment.NewLine);

       Show("s1", s1);
       Console.WriteLine();
       Console.WriteLine("U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C");
       Console.WriteLine("U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT");
       Console.WriteLine("U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA");
       Console.WriteLine("U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS");
       Console.WriteLine(divider);

       Console.WriteLine("A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: {0}",
                                    s1.IsNormalized());
       Console.WriteLine("A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?:  {0}",
                                    s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormC));
       Console.WriteLine("A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?:  {0}",
                                    s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormD));
       Console.WriteLine("A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: {0}",
                                    s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKC));
       Console.WriteLine("A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: {0}",
                                    s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKD));

       Console.WriteLine(divider);

       Console.WriteLine("Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1.");
       Console.WriteLine();
       Console.WriteLine("U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE");
       Console.WriteLine("U+0033 = DIGIT THREE");
       Console.WriteLine("U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH");
       Console.WriteLine("U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR");
       Console.WriteLine(divider);

       s2 = s1.Normalize();
       Console.Write("B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: ");
       Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized());
       Show("s2", s2);
       Console.WriteLine();

       s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormC);
       Console.Write("B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: ");
       Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormC));
       Show("s2", s2);
       Console.WriteLine();

       s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD);
       Console.Write("B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: ");
       Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormD));
       Show("s2", s2);
       Console.WriteLine();

       s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormKC);
       Console.Write("B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: ");
       Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKC));
       Show("s2", s2);
       Console.WriteLine();

       s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormKD);
       Console.Write("B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: ");
       Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKD));
       Show("s2", s2);
       Console.WriteLine();
    }

    private static void Show(string title, string s)
    {
       Console.Write("Characters in string {0} = ", title);
       foreach(short x in s) {
           Console.Write("{0:X4} ", x);
       }
       Console.WriteLine();
    }
}
/*
This example produces the following results:

Characters in string s1 = 0063 0301 0327 00BE

U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C
U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA
U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: False
A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?:  False
A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?:  False
A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: False
A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: False

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1.

U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE
U+0033 = DIGIT THREE
U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH
U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE

B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE

B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: True
Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 00BE

B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 0033 2044 0034

B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: True
Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 0033 2044 0034

*/
open System
open System.Text

let show title (s: string) =
    printf $"Characters in string %s{title} = "
    for x in s do
        printf $"{int16 x:X4} "
    printfn ""


[<EntryPoint>]
let main _ =
    // Character c; combining characters acute and cedilla; character 3/4
    let s1 = String [| '\u0063'; '\u0301'; '\u0327'; '\u00BE' |]
    let divider = String('-', 80)
    let divider = String.Concat(Environment.NewLine, divider, Environment.NewLine)

    show "s1" s1
    printfn "\nU+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C"
    printfn "U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT"
    printfn "U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA"
    printfn "U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS"
    printfn $"{divider}"

    printfn $"A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: {s1.IsNormalized()}"
    printfn $"A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?:  {s1.IsNormalized NormalizationForm.FormC}"
    printfn $"A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?:  {s1.IsNormalized NormalizationForm.FormD}"
    printfn $"A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: {s1.IsNormalized NormalizationForm.FormKC}"
    printfn $"A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: {s1.IsNormalized NormalizationForm.FormKD}"

    printfn $"{divider}"

    printfn "Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1.\n"
    printfn "U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE"
    printfn"U+0033 = DIGIT THREE"
    printfn"U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH"
    printfn"U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR"
    printfn $"{divider}"
 
    let s2 = s1.Normalize()
    printf "B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: "
    printfn $"{s2.IsNormalized()}"
    show "s2" s2
    printfn ""

    let s2 = s1.Normalize NormalizationForm.FormC
    printf "B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: "
    printfn $"{s2.IsNormalized NormalizationForm.FormC}"
    show "s2" s2
    printfn ""

    let s2 = s1.Normalize NormalizationForm.FormD
    printf "B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: "
    printfn $"{s2.IsNormalized NormalizationForm.FormD}"
    show "s2" s2
    printfn ""

    let s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormKC)
    printf "B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: "
    printfn $"{s2.IsNormalized NormalizationForm.FormKC}"
    show "s2" s2
    printfn ""

    let s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormKD)
    printf "B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: "
    printfn $"{s2.IsNormalized NormalizationForm.FormKD}"
    show "s2" s2
    0

(*
This example produces the following results:

Characters in string s1 = 0063 0301 0327 00BE

U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C
U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA
U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: False
A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?:  False
A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?:  False
A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: False
A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: False

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1.

U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE
U+0033 = DIGIT THREE
U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH
U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE

B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE

B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: True
Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 00BE

B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 0033 2044 0034

B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: True
Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 0033 2044 0034

*)
Imports System.Text

Class Example
   Public Shared Sub Main()
      ' Character c; combining characters acute and cedilla; character 3/4
      Dim s1 = New [String](New Char() {ChrW(&H0063), ChrW(&H0301), ChrW(&H0327), ChrW(&H00BE)})
      Dim s2 As String = Nothing
      Dim divider = New [String]("-"c, 80)
      divider = [String].Concat(Environment.NewLine, divider, Environment.NewLine)
      
      Show("s1", s1)
      Console.WriteLine()
      Console.WriteLine("U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C")
      Console.WriteLine("U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT")
      Console.WriteLine("U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA")
      Console.WriteLine("U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS")

      Console.WriteLine(divider)
      
      Console.WriteLine("A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: {0}", s1.IsNormalized())
      Console.WriteLine("A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?:  {0}", s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormC))
      Console.WriteLine("A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?:  {0}", s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormD))
      Console.WriteLine("A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: {0}", s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKC))
      Console.WriteLine("A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: {0}", s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKD))
      
      Console.WriteLine(divider)
      
      Console.WriteLine("Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1.")
      Console.WriteLine()
      Console.WriteLine("U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE")
      Console.WriteLine("U+0033 = DIGIT THREE")
      Console.WriteLine("U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH")
      Console.WriteLine("U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR")
      Console.WriteLine(divider)
      
      s2 = s1.Normalize()
      Console.Write("B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: ")
      Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized())
      Show("s2", s2)
      Console.WriteLine()
      
      s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormC)
      Console.Write("B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: ")
      Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormC))
      Show("s2", s2)
      Console.WriteLine()
      
      s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD)
      Console.Write("B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: ")
      Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormD))
      Show("s2", s2)
      Console.WriteLine()
      
      s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormKC)
      Console.Write("B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: ")
      Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKC))
      Show("s2", s2)
      Console.WriteLine()
      
      s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormKD)
      Console.Write("B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: ")
      Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKD))
      Show("s2", s2)
      Console.WriteLine()
   End Sub 
   
   Private Shared Sub Show(title As String, s As String)
      Console.Write("Characters in string {0} = ", title)
      For Each x As Char In s
         Console.Write("{0:X4} ", AscW(x))
      Next 
      Console.WriteLine()
   End Sub 
End Class 
'This example produces the following results:
'
'Characters in string s1 = 0063 0301 0327 00BE
'
'U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C
'U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
'U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA
'U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS
'
'--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'
'A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: False
'A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?:  False
'A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?:  False
'A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: False
'A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: False
'
'--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'
'Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1.
'
'U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE
'U+0033 = DIGIT THREE
'U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH
'U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR
'
'--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'
'B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: True
'Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE
'
'B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: True
'Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE
'
'B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: True
'Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 00BE
'
'B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: True
'Characters in string s2 = 1E09 0033 2044 0034
'
'B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: True
'Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 0033 2044 0034
'

Normalize(NormalizationForm)

返回一个新字符串,其文本值与此字符串相同,但其二进制表示形式符合指定的 Unicode 范式。

public:
 System::String ^ Normalize(System::Text::NormalizationForm normalizationForm);
public string Normalize (System.Text.NormalizationForm normalizationForm);
member this.Normalize : System.Text.NormalizationForm -> string
Public Function Normalize (normalizationForm As NormalizationForm) As String

参数

normalizationForm
NormalizationForm

一个 Unicode 范式。

返回

一个新字符串,其文本值与此字符串相同,但其二进制表示形式符合由 normalizationForm 参数指定的范式。

例外

当前实例包含无效的 Unicode 字符。

注解

某些 Unicode 字符具有多个等效的二进制表示形式,由组合和/或复合 Unicode 字符集组成。 单个字符存在多个表示形式,使搜索、排序、匹配和其他操作复杂化。

Unicode 标准定义了一个称为规范化的过程,该进程在给定字符的任何等效二进制表示形式时返回一个二进制表示形式。 规范化可以使用多种遵循不同规则的算法(称为规范化形式)来执行。 .NET 支持由 Unicode 标准定义的四种规范化形式, (C、D、KC 和 KD) 。 当两个字符串以同一规范化形式表示时,可以使用序号比较来比较它们。

若要规范化和比较两个字符串,请执行以下操作:

  1. 获取要从输入源(例如文件或用户输入设备)进行比较的字符串。

  2. Normalize(NormalizationForm)调用 方法将字符串规范化为指定的规范化形式。

  3. 若要比较两个字符串,请调用支持序号字符串比较的方法(如 Compare(String, String, StringComparison) 方法),并提供 或 StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase 作为StringComparison参数的值StringComparison.Ordinal。 若要对规范化字符串数组进行排序,请将 或 的值传递给 comparer 的相应重载Array.SortStringComparer.OrdinalStringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase

  4. 根据上一步指示的顺序,在排序的输出中发出字符串。

有关支持的 Unicode 规范化表单的说明,请参阅 System.Text.NormalizationForm

调用方说明

方法 IsNormalized 在遇到字符串中的第一个非规范化字符时立即返回 false 。 因此,如果字符串包含非规范化字符,后跟无效的 Unicode 字符, Normalize 则 方法可能会引发 , ArgumentException 尽管 IsNormalized 返回 false

另请参阅

适用于

Normalize()

返回一个新字符串,其文本值与此字符串相同,但其二进制表示形式符合 Unicode 范式 C。

public:
 System::String ^ Normalize();
public string Normalize ();
member this.Normalize : unit -> string
Public Function Normalize () As String

返回

一个新的规范化字符串,其文本值与此字符串相同,但其二进制表示形式符合范式 C。

例外

当前实例包含无效的 Unicode 字符。

注解

某些 Unicode 字符具有多个等效的二进制表示形式,由组合和/或复合 Unicode 字符集组成。 例如,以下任何代码点都可以表示字母“ắ”:

  • U+1EAF

  • U+0103 U+0301

  • U+0061 U+0306 U+0301

单个字符存在多个表示形式,使搜索、排序、匹配和其他操作复杂化。

Unicode 标准定义了一个称为规范化的过程,该进程在给定字符的任何等效二进制表示形式时返回一个二进制表示形式。 规范化可以使用多种遵循不同规则的算法(称为规范化形式)来执行。 .NET 支持由 Unicode 标准定义的四种规范化形式, (C、D、KC 和 KD) 。 当两个字符串以同一规范化形式表示时,可以使用序号比较来比较它们。

若要规范化和比较两个字符串,请执行以下操作:

  1. 获取要从输入源(例如文件或用户输入设备)进行比较的字符串。

  2. Normalize()调用 方法将字符串规范化为规范化形式 C。

  3. 若要比较两个字符串,请调用支持序号字符串比较的方法(如 Compare(String, String, StringComparison) 方法),并提供 或 StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase 作为StringComparison参数的值StringComparison.Ordinal。 若要对规范化字符串数组进行排序,请将 或 的值传递给 comparer 的相应重载Array.SortStringComparer.OrdinalStringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase

  4. 根据上一步指示的顺序,在排序的输出中发出字符串。

有关支持的 Unicode 规范化表单的说明,请参阅 System.Text.NormalizationForm

调用方说明

方法 IsNormalized 在遇到字符串中的第一个非规范化字符时立即返回 false 。 因此,如果字符串包含非规范化字符,后跟无效的 Unicode 字符,则 Normalize 该方法将引发 , ArgumentException 尽管 IsNormalized 返回 false

另请参阅

适用于