培训
Parallel.For 和 Parallel.ForEach 重载没有任何用于处理可能引发的异常的特殊机制。 在这一方面,它们类似于常规 for
和 foreach
循环(在 Visual Basic 中为 For
和 For Each
);未处理的异常会导致循环在当前运行的迭代完成后立即终止。
向并行循环添加自己的异常处理逻辑时,将处理类似于在多个线程上同时引发相似异常的情况,以及一个线程上引发异常导致另一个线程上引发另一个异常的情况。 你可以通过将循环中的所有异常包装到一个 System.AggregateException 中处理这两种情况。 下面的示例演示了一种可能的方法。
备注
某些情况下,当启用“仅我的代码”后,Visual Studio 会在引发异常的行中断运行并显示一条错误消息,该消息显示“用户代码未处理异常”。该错误是良性错误。 可以按 F5 继续运行,并请参阅下面示例中所示的异常处理行为。 为了阻止 Visual Studio 在第一个错误出现时中断,只需依次转到“工具”、“选项”、“调试”、“常规”下,取消选中“仅我的代码”复选框即可。
在此示例中,所有异常都被捕获,并包装到引发的 System.AggregateException 中。 调用方可以决定要处理哪些异常。
public static partial class Program
{
public static void ExceptionTwo()
{
// Create some random data to process in parallel.
// There is a good probability this data will cause some exceptions to be thrown.
byte[] data = new byte[5_000];
Random r = Random.Shared;
r.NextBytes(data);
try
{
ProcessDataInParallel(data);
}
catch (AggregateException ae)
{
var ignoredExceptions = new List<Exception>();
// This is where you can choose which exceptions to handle.
foreach (var ex in ae.Flatten().InnerExceptions)
{
if (ex is ArgumentException) Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
else ignoredExceptions.Add(ex);
}
if (ignoredExceptions.Count > 0)
{
throw new AggregateException(ignoredExceptions);
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
Console.ReadKey();
}
private static void ProcessDataInParallel(byte[] data)
{
// Use ConcurrentQueue to enable safe enqueueing from multiple threads.
var exceptions = new ConcurrentQueue<Exception>();
// Execute the complete loop and capture all exceptions.
Parallel.ForEach(data, d =>
{
try
{
// Cause a few exceptions, but not too many.
if (d < 3) throw new ArgumentException($"Value is {d}. Value must be greater than or equal to 3.");
else Console.Write(d + " ");
}
// Store the exception and continue with the loop.
catch (Exception e)
{
exceptions.Enqueue(e);
}
});
Console.WriteLine();
// Throw the exceptions here after the loop completes.
if (!exceptions.IsEmpty)
{
throw new AggregateException(exceptions);
}
}
}
' How to: Handle Exceptions in Parallel Loops
Imports System.Collections.Concurrent
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Module ExceptionsInLoops
Sub Main()
' Create some random data to process in parallel.
' There is a good probability this data will cause some exceptions to be thrown.
Dim data(1000) As Byte
Dim r As New Random()
r.NextBytes(data)
Try
ProcessDataInParallel(data)
Catch ae As AggregateException
Dim ignoredExceptions As New List(Of Exception)
' This is where you can choose which exceptions to handle.
For Each ex As Exception In ae.Flatten().InnerExceptions
If (TypeOf (ex) Is ArgumentException) Then
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
Else
ignoredExceptions.Add(ex)
End If
Next
If ignoredExceptions.Count > 0 Then
Throw New AggregateException(ignoredExceptions)
End If
End Try
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.")
Console.ReadKey()
End Sub
Sub ProcessDataInParallel(ByVal data As Byte())
' Use ConcurrentQueue to enable safe enqueueing from multiple threads.
Dim exceptions As New ConcurrentQueue(Of Exception)
' Execute the complete loop and capture all exceptions.
Parallel.ForEach(Of Byte)(data, Sub(d)
Try
' Cause a few exceptions, but not too many.
If d < 3 Then
Throw New ArgumentException($"Value is {d}. Value must be greater than or equal to 3")
Else
Console.Write(d & " ")
End If
Catch ex As Exception
' Store the exception and continue with the loop.
exceptions.Enqueue(ex)
End Try
End Sub)
Console.WriteLine()
' Throw the exceptions here after the loop completes.
If exceptions.Count > 0 Then
Throw New AggregateException(exceptions)
End If
End Sub
End Module