Double 結構
定義
重要
部分資訊涉及發行前產品,在發行之前可能會有大幅修改。 Microsoft 對此處提供的資訊,不做任何明確或隱含的瑕疵擔保。
表示雙精度浮點數。
public value class double : IComparable, IComparable<double>, IConvertible, IEquatable<double>, IFormattable
public value class double : IComparable<double>, IConvertible, IEquatable<double>, IParsable<double>, ISpanParsable<double>, IUtf8SpanParsable<double>, System::Numerics::IAdditionOperators<double, double, double>, System::Numerics::IAdditiveIdentity<double, double>, System::Numerics::IBinaryFloatingPointIeee754<double>, System::Numerics::IBinaryNumber<double>, System::Numerics::IBitwiseOperators<double, double, double>, System::Numerics::IComparisonOperators<double, double, bool>, System::Numerics::IDecrementOperators<double>, System::Numerics::IDivisionOperators<double, double, double>, System::Numerics::IEqualityOperators<double, double, bool>, System::Numerics::IExponentialFunctions<double>, System::Numerics::IFloatingPoint<double>, System::Numerics::IFloatingPointConstants<double>, System::Numerics::IFloatingPointIeee754<double>, System::Numerics::IHyperbolicFunctions<double>, System::Numerics::IIncrementOperators<double>, System::Numerics::ILogarithmicFunctions<double>, System::Numerics::IMinMaxValue<double>, System::Numerics::IModulusOperators<double, double, double>, System::Numerics::IMultiplicativeIdentity<double, double>, System::Numerics::IMultiplyOperators<double, double, double>, System::Numerics::INumber<double>, System::Numerics::INumberBase<double>, System::Numerics::IPowerFunctions<double>, System::Numerics::IRootFunctions<double>, System::Numerics::ISignedNumber<double>, System::Numerics::ISubtractionOperators<double, double, double>, System::Numerics::ITrigonometricFunctions<double>, System::Numerics::IUnaryNegationOperators<double, double>, System::Numerics::IUnaryPlusOperators<double, double>
public value class double : IComparable, IComparable<double>, IConvertible, IEquatable<double>, ISpanFormattable
public value class double : IComparable<double>, IConvertible, IEquatable<double>, IParsable<double>, ISpanParsable<double>, System::Numerics::IAdditionOperators<double, double, double>, System::Numerics::IAdditiveIdentity<double, double>, System::Numerics::IBinaryFloatingPointIeee754<double>, System::Numerics::IBinaryNumber<double>, System::Numerics::IBitwiseOperators<double, double, double>, System::Numerics::IComparisonOperators<double, double, bool>, System::Numerics::IDecrementOperators<double>, System::Numerics::IDivisionOperators<double, double, double>, System::Numerics::IEqualityOperators<double, double, bool>, System::Numerics::IExponentialFunctions<double>, System::Numerics::IFloatingPoint<double>, System::Numerics::IFloatingPointConstants<double>, System::Numerics::IFloatingPointIeee754<double>, System::Numerics::IHyperbolicFunctions<double>, System::Numerics::IIncrementOperators<double>, System::Numerics::ILogarithmicFunctions<double>, System::Numerics::IMinMaxValue<double>, System::Numerics::IModulusOperators<double, double, double>, System::Numerics::IMultiplicativeIdentity<double, double>, System::Numerics::IMultiplyOperators<double, double, double>, System::Numerics::INumber<double>, System::Numerics::INumberBase<double>, System::Numerics::IPowerFunctions<double>, System::Numerics::IRootFunctions<double>, System::Numerics::ISignedNumber<double>, System::Numerics::ISubtractionOperators<double, double, double>, System::Numerics::ITrigonometricFunctions<double>, System::Numerics::IUnaryNegationOperators<double, double>, System::Numerics::IUnaryPlusOperators<double, double>
public value class double : IComparable, IConvertible, IFormattable
public value class double : IComparable, IComparable<double>, IEquatable<double>, IFormattable
public struct Double : IComparable, IComparable<double>, IConvertible, IEquatable<double>, IFormattable
public readonly struct Double : IComparable<double>, IConvertible, IEquatable<double>, IParsable<double>, ISpanParsable<double>, IUtf8SpanParsable<double>, System.Numerics.IAdditionOperators<double,double,double>, System.Numerics.IAdditiveIdentity<double,double>, System.Numerics.IBinaryFloatingPointIeee754<double>, System.Numerics.IBinaryNumber<double>, System.Numerics.IBitwiseOperators<double,double,double>, System.Numerics.IComparisonOperators<double,double,bool>, System.Numerics.IDecrementOperators<double>, System.Numerics.IDivisionOperators<double,double,double>, System.Numerics.IEqualityOperators<double,double,bool>, System.Numerics.IExponentialFunctions<double>, System.Numerics.IFloatingPoint<double>, System.Numerics.IFloatingPointConstants<double>, System.Numerics.IFloatingPointIeee754<double>, System.Numerics.IHyperbolicFunctions<double>, System.Numerics.IIncrementOperators<double>, System.Numerics.ILogarithmicFunctions<double>, System.Numerics.IMinMaxValue<double>, System.Numerics.IModulusOperators<double,double,double>, System.Numerics.IMultiplicativeIdentity<double,double>, System.Numerics.IMultiplyOperators<double,double,double>, System.Numerics.INumber<double>, System.Numerics.INumberBase<double>, System.Numerics.IPowerFunctions<double>, System.Numerics.IRootFunctions<double>, System.Numerics.ISignedNumber<double>, System.Numerics.ISubtractionOperators<double,double,double>, System.Numerics.ITrigonometricFunctions<double>, System.Numerics.IUnaryNegationOperators<double,double>, System.Numerics.IUnaryPlusOperators<double,double>
public readonly struct Double : IComparable, IComparable<double>, IConvertible, IEquatable<double>, IFormattable
public readonly struct Double : IComparable, IComparable<double>, IConvertible, IEquatable<double>, ISpanFormattable
public readonly struct Double : IComparable<double>, IConvertible, IEquatable<double>, IParsable<double>, ISpanParsable<double>, System.Numerics.IAdditionOperators<double,double,double>, System.Numerics.IAdditiveIdentity<double,double>, System.Numerics.IBinaryFloatingPointIeee754<double>, System.Numerics.IBinaryNumber<double>, System.Numerics.IBitwiseOperators<double,double,double>, System.Numerics.IComparisonOperators<double,double,bool>, System.Numerics.IDecrementOperators<double>, System.Numerics.IDivisionOperators<double,double,double>, System.Numerics.IEqualityOperators<double,double,bool>, System.Numerics.IExponentialFunctions<double>, System.Numerics.IFloatingPoint<double>, System.Numerics.IFloatingPointConstants<double>, System.Numerics.IFloatingPointIeee754<double>, System.Numerics.IHyperbolicFunctions<double>, System.Numerics.IIncrementOperators<double>, System.Numerics.ILogarithmicFunctions<double>, System.Numerics.IMinMaxValue<double>, System.Numerics.IModulusOperators<double,double,double>, System.Numerics.IMultiplicativeIdentity<double,double>, System.Numerics.IMultiplyOperators<double,double,double>, System.Numerics.INumber<double>, System.Numerics.INumberBase<double>, System.Numerics.IPowerFunctions<double>, System.Numerics.IRootFunctions<double>, System.Numerics.ISignedNumber<double>, System.Numerics.ISubtractionOperators<double,double,double>, System.Numerics.ITrigonometricFunctions<double>, System.Numerics.IUnaryNegationOperators<double,double>, System.Numerics.IUnaryPlusOperators<double,double>
[System.Serializable]
public struct Double : IComparable, IConvertible, IFormattable
[System.Serializable]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public struct Double : IComparable, IComparable<double>, IConvertible, IEquatable<double>, IFormattable
public struct Double : IComparable, IComparable<double>, IEquatable<double>, IFormattable
type double = struct
interface IConvertible
interface IFormattable
type double = struct
interface IConvertible
interface IFormattable
interface IParsable<double>
interface ISpanFormattable
interface ISpanParsable<double>
interface IUtf8SpanFormattable
interface IUtf8SpanParsable<double>
interface IAdditionOperators<double, double, double>
interface IAdditiveIdentity<double, double>
interface IBinaryFloatingPointIeee754<double>
interface IBinaryNumber<double>
interface IBitwiseOperators<double, double, double>
interface IComparisonOperators<double, double, bool>
interface IEqualityOperators<double, double, bool>
interface IDecrementOperators<double>
interface IDivisionOperators<double, double, double>
interface IIncrementOperators<double>
interface IModulusOperators<double, double, double>
interface IMultiplicativeIdentity<double, double>
interface IMultiplyOperators<double, double, double>
interface INumber<double>
interface INumberBase<double>
interface ISubtractionOperators<double, double, double>
interface IUnaryNegationOperators<double, double>
interface IUnaryPlusOperators<double, double>
interface IExponentialFunctions<double>
interface IFloatingPointConstants<double>
interface IFloatingPoint<double>
interface ISignedNumber<double>
interface IFloatingPointIeee754<double>
interface IHyperbolicFunctions<double>
interface ILogarithmicFunctions<double>
interface IPowerFunctions<double>
interface IRootFunctions<double>
interface ITrigonometricFunctions<double>
interface IMinMaxValue<double>
type double = struct
interface IConvertible
interface ISpanFormattable
interface IFormattable
type double = struct
interface IConvertible
interface IFormattable
interface IParsable<double>
interface ISpanFormattable
interface ISpanParsable<double>
interface IAdditionOperators<double, double, double>
interface IAdditiveIdentity<double, double>
interface IBinaryFloatingPointIeee754<double>
interface IBinaryNumber<double>
interface IBitwiseOperators<double, double, double>
interface IComparisonOperators<double, double, bool>
interface IEqualityOperators<double, double, bool>
interface IDecrementOperators<double>
interface IDivisionOperators<double, double, double>
interface IIncrementOperators<double>
interface IModulusOperators<double, double, double>
interface IMultiplicativeIdentity<double, double>
interface IMultiplyOperators<double, double, double>
interface INumber<double>
interface INumberBase<double>
interface ISubtractionOperators<double, double, double>
interface IUnaryNegationOperators<double, double>
interface IUnaryPlusOperators<double, double>
interface IExponentialFunctions<double>
interface IFloatingPointConstants<double>
interface IFloatingPoint<double>
interface ISignedNumber<double>
interface IFloatingPointIeee754<double>
interface IHyperbolicFunctions<double>
interface ILogarithmicFunctions<double>
interface IPowerFunctions<double>
interface IRootFunctions<double>
interface ITrigonometricFunctions<double>
interface IMinMaxValue<double>
type double = struct
interface IConvertible
interface IFormattable
interface IParsable<double>
interface ISpanFormattable
interface ISpanParsable<double>
interface IAdditionOperators<double, double, double>
interface IAdditiveIdentity<double, double>
interface IBinaryFloatingPointIeee754<double>
interface IBinaryNumber<double>
interface IBitwiseOperators<double, double, double>
interface IComparisonOperators<double, double, bool>
interface IEqualityOperators<double, double, bool>
interface IDecrementOperators<double>
interface IDivisionOperators<double, double, double>
interface IIncrementOperators<double>
interface IModulusOperators<double, double, double>
interface IMultiplicativeIdentity<double, double>
interface IMultiplyOperators<double, double, double>
interface INumber<double>
interface INumberBase<double>
interface ISubtractionOperators<double, double, double>
interface IUnaryNegationOperators<double, double>
interface IUnaryPlusOperators<double, double>
interface IUtf8SpanFormattable
interface IUtf8SpanParsable<double>
interface IExponentialFunctions<double>
interface IFloatingPointConstants<double>
interface IFloatingPoint<double>
interface ISignedNumber<double>
interface IFloatingPointIeee754<double>
interface IHyperbolicFunctions<double>
interface ILogarithmicFunctions<double>
interface IPowerFunctions<double>
interface IRootFunctions<double>
interface ITrigonometricFunctions<double>
interface IMinMaxValue<double>
[<System.Serializable>]
type double = struct
interface IFormattable
interface IConvertible
[<System.Serializable>]
[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type double = struct
interface IFormattable
interface IConvertible
type double = struct
interface IFormattable
Public Structure Double
Implements IComparable, IComparable(Of Double), IConvertible, IEquatable(Of Double), IFormattable
Public Structure Double
Implements IAdditionOperators(Of Double, Double, Double), IAdditiveIdentity(Of Double, Double), IBinaryFloatingPointIeee754(Of Double), IBinaryNumber(Of Double), IBitwiseOperators(Of Double, Double, Double), IComparable(Of Double), IComparisonOperators(Of Double, Double, Boolean), IConvertible, IDecrementOperators(Of Double), IDivisionOperators(Of Double, Double, Double), IEqualityOperators(Of Double, Double, Boolean), IEquatable(Of Double), IExponentialFunctions(Of Double), IFloatingPoint(Of Double), IFloatingPointConstants(Of Double), IFloatingPointIeee754(Of Double), IHyperbolicFunctions(Of Double), IIncrementOperators(Of Double), ILogarithmicFunctions(Of Double), IMinMaxValue(Of Double), IModulusOperators(Of Double, Double, Double), IMultiplicativeIdentity(Of Double, Double), IMultiplyOperators(Of Double, Double, Double), INumber(Of Double), INumberBase(Of Double), IParsable(Of Double), IPowerFunctions(Of Double), IRootFunctions(Of Double), ISignedNumber(Of Double), ISpanParsable(Of Double), ISubtractionOperators(Of Double, Double, Double), ITrigonometricFunctions(Of Double), IUnaryNegationOperators(Of Double, Double), IUnaryPlusOperators(Of Double, Double), IUtf8SpanParsable(Of Double)
Public Structure Double
Implements IComparable, IComparable(Of Double), IConvertible, IEquatable(Of Double), ISpanFormattable
Public Structure Double
Implements IAdditionOperators(Of Double, Double, Double), IAdditiveIdentity(Of Double, Double), IBinaryFloatingPointIeee754(Of Double), IBinaryNumber(Of Double), IBitwiseOperators(Of Double, Double, Double), IComparable(Of Double), IComparisonOperators(Of Double, Double, Boolean), IConvertible, IDecrementOperators(Of Double), IDivisionOperators(Of Double, Double, Double), IEqualityOperators(Of Double, Double, Boolean), IEquatable(Of Double), IExponentialFunctions(Of Double), IFloatingPoint(Of Double), IFloatingPointConstants(Of Double), IFloatingPointIeee754(Of Double), IHyperbolicFunctions(Of Double), IIncrementOperators(Of Double), ILogarithmicFunctions(Of Double), IMinMaxValue(Of Double), IModulusOperators(Of Double, Double, Double), IMultiplicativeIdentity(Of Double, Double), IMultiplyOperators(Of Double, Double, Double), INumber(Of Double), INumberBase(Of Double), IParsable(Of Double), IPowerFunctions(Of Double), IRootFunctions(Of Double), ISignedNumber(Of Double), ISpanParsable(Of Double), ISubtractionOperators(Of Double, Double, Double), ITrigonometricFunctions(Of Double), IUnaryNegationOperators(Of Double, Double), IUnaryPlusOperators(Of Double, Double)
Public Structure Double
Implements IComparable, IConvertible, IFormattable
Public Structure Double
Implements IComparable, IComparable(Of Double), IEquatable(Of Double), IFormattable
- 繼承
- 屬性
- 實作
-
IComparable IComparable<Double> IConvertible IEquatable<Double> IFormattable IComparable<TSelf> IEquatable<TSelf> IParsable<Double> IParsable<TSelf> ISpanFormattable ISpanParsable<Double> ISpanParsable<TSelf> IUtf8SpanFormattable IUtf8SpanParsable<Double> IUtf8SpanParsable<TSelf> IAdditionOperators<Double,Double,Double> IAdditionOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> IAdditiveIdentity<Double,Double> IAdditiveIdentity<TSelf,TSelf> IBinaryFloatingPointIeee754<Double> IBinaryNumber<Double> IBinaryNumber<TSelf> IBitwiseOperators<Double,Double,Double> IBitwiseOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> IComparisonOperators<Double,Double,Boolean> IComparisonOperators<TSelf,TSelf,Boolean> IDecrementOperators<Double> IDecrementOperators<TSelf> IDivisionOperators<Double,Double,Double> IDivisionOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> IEqualityOperators<Double,Double,Boolean> IEqualityOperators<TSelf,TOther,TResult> IEqualityOperators<TSelf,TSelf,Boolean> IExponentialFunctions<Double> IExponentialFunctions<TSelf> IFloatingPoint<Double> IFloatingPoint<TSelf> IFloatingPointConstants<Double> IFloatingPointConstants<TSelf> IFloatingPointIeee754<Double> IFloatingPointIeee754<TSelf> IHyperbolicFunctions<Double> IHyperbolicFunctions<TSelf> IIncrementOperators<Double> IIncrementOperators<TSelf> ILogarithmicFunctions<Double> ILogarithmicFunctions<TSelf> IMinMaxValue<Double> IModulusOperators<Double,Double,Double> IModulusOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> IMultiplicativeIdentity<Double,Double> IMultiplicativeIdentity<TSelf,TSelf> IMultiplyOperators<Double,Double,Double> IMultiplyOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> INumber<Double> INumber<TSelf> INumberBase<Double> INumberBase<TSelf> IPowerFunctions<Double> IPowerFunctions<TSelf> IRootFunctions<Double> IRootFunctions<TSelf> ISignedNumber<Double> ISignedNumber<TSelf> ISubtractionOperators<Double,Double,Double> ISubtractionOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> ITrigonometricFunctions<Double> ITrigonometricFunctions<TSelf> IUnaryNegationOperators<Double,Double> IUnaryNegationOperators<TSelf,TSelf> IUnaryPlusOperators<Double,Double> IUnaryPlusOperators<TSelf,TSelf>
範例
下列程式代碼範例說明 如何使用 Double:
// The Temperature class stores the temperature as a Double
// and delegates most of the functionality to the Double
// implementation.
public class Temperature : IComparable, IFormattable
{
// IComparable.CompareTo implementation.
public int CompareTo(object obj) {
if (obj == null) return 1;
Temperature temp = obj as Temperature;
if (obj != null)
return m_value.CompareTo(temp.m_value);
else
throw new ArgumentException("object is not a Temperature");
}
// IFormattable.ToString implementation.
public string ToString(string format, IFormatProvider provider) {
if( format != null ) {
if( format.Equals("F") ) {
return String.Format("{0}'F", this.Value.ToString());
}
if( format.Equals("C") ) {
return String.Format("{0}'C", this.Celsius.ToString());
}
}
return m_value.ToString(format, provider);
}
// Parses the temperature from a string in the form
// [ws][sign]digits['F|'C][ws]
public static Temperature Parse(string s, NumberStyles styles, IFormatProvider provider) {
Temperature temp = new Temperature();
if( s.TrimEnd(null).EndsWith("'F") ) {
temp.Value = Double.Parse( s.Remove(s.LastIndexOf('\''), 2), styles, provider);
}
else if( s.TrimEnd(null).EndsWith("'C") ) {
temp.Celsius = Double.Parse( s.Remove(s.LastIndexOf('\''), 2), styles, provider);
}
else {
temp.Value = Double.Parse(s, styles, provider);
}
return temp;
}
// The value holder
protected double m_value;
public double Value {
get {
return m_value;
}
set {
m_value = value;
}
}
public double Celsius {
get {
return (m_value-32.0)/1.8;
}
set {
m_value = 1.8*value+32.0;
}
}
}
// The Temperature class stores the temperature as a Double
// and delegates most of the functionality to the Double
// implementation.
type Temperature() =
member val Value = 0. with get, set
member this.Celsius
with get () = (this.Value - 32.) / 1.8
and set (value) =
this.Value <- 1.8 * value + 32.
// Parses the temperature from a string in the form
// [ws][sign]digits['F|'C][ws]
static member Parse(s: string, styles: NumberStyles, provider: IFormatProvider) =
let temp = Temperature()
if s.TrimEnd(null).EndsWith "'F" then
temp.Value <- Double.Parse(s.Remove(s.LastIndexOf '\'', 2), styles, provider)
elif s.TrimEnd(null).EndsWith "'C" then
temp.Celsius <- Double.Parse(s.Remove(s.LastIndexOf '\'', 2), styles, provider)
else
temp.Value <- Double.Parse(s, styles, provider)
temp
interface IComparable with
// IComparable.CompareTo implementation.
member this.CompareTo(obj: obj) =
match obj with
| null -> 1
| :? Temperature as temp ->
this.Value.CompareTo temp.Value
| _ ->
invalidArg "obj" "object is not a Temperature"
interface IFormattable with
// IFormattable.ToString implementation.
member this.ToString(format: string, provider: IFormatProvider) =
match format with
| "F" ->
$"{this.Value}'F"
| "C" ->
$"{this.Celsius}'C"
| _ ->
this.Value.ToString(format, provider)
' Temperature class stores the value as Double
' and delegates most of the functionality
' to the Double implementation.
Public Class Temperature
Implements IComparable, IFormattable
Public Overloads Function CompareTo(ByVal obj As Object) As Integer _
Implements IComparable.CompareTo
If TypeOf obj Is Temperature Then
Dim temp As Temperature = CType(obj, Temperature)
Return m_value.CompareTo(temp.m_value)
End If
Throw New ArgumentException("object is not a Temperature")
End Function
Public Overloads Function ToString(ByVal format As String, ByVal provider As IFormatProvider) As String _
Implements IFormattable.ToString
If Not (format Is Nothing) Then
If format.Equals("F") Then
Return [String].Format("{0}'F", Me.Value.ToString())
End If
If format.Equals("C") Then
Return [String].Format("{0}'C", Me.Celsius.ToString())
End If
End If
Return m_value.ToString(format, provider)
End Function
' Parses the temperature from a string in form
' [ws][sign]digits['F|'C][ws]
Public Shared Function Parse(ByVal s As String, ByVal styles As NumberStyles, ByVal provider As IFormatProvider) As Temperature
Dim temp As New Temperature()
If s.TrimEnd().EndsWith("'F") Then
temp.Value = Double.Parse(s.Remove(s.LastIndexOf("'"c), 2), styles, provider)
Else
If s.TrimEnd().EndsWith("'C") Then
temp.Celsius = Double.Parse(s.Remove(s.LastIndexOf("'"c), 2), styles, provider)
Else
temp.Value = Double.Parse(s, styles, provider)
End If
End If
Return temp
End Function
' The value holder
Protected m_value As Double
Public Property Value() As Double
Get
Return m_value
End Get
Set(ByVal Value As Double)
m_value = Value
End Set
End Property
Public Property Celsius() As Double
Get
Return (m_value - 32) / 1.8
End Get
Set(ByVal Value As Double)
m_value = Value * 1.8 + 32
End Set
End Property
End Class
備註
實 Double 值類型代表雙精確度 64 位數位,其值範圍從負 1.79769313486232e308 到正 1.79769313486232e308,以及正數或負零、 PositiveInfinity、、 NegativeInfinity而非數位 (NaN)。 它旨在表示極大的數值(例如行星或星系之間的距離)或極小的(例如物質的分子質量(以公斤計),且通常不精確(例如地球到另一個太陽系的距離)。 Double 類型符合二進位浮點算術的 IEC 60559:1989(IEEE 754) 標準。
浮點表示法和精確度
Double資料類型會以 64 位二進位格式儲存雙精確度浮點值,如下表所示:
| 部分 | 位元 |
|---|---|
| Significand 或 mantissa | 0-51 |
| Exponent | 52-62 |
| 符號 (0 = 正數,1 = 負數) | 63 |
就像小數分數無法精確表示某些小數值(例如 1/3 或 Math.PI),二進位分數無法代表某些小數值。 例如,1/10 會以 .1 精確表示為十進位分數,以 .001100110011表示為二進位分數,而模式 “0011” 會重複到無限大。 在此情況下,浮點值會提供其所代表數位的不精確表示。 對原始浮點值執行額外的數學運算通常會增加其缺乏精確度。 例如,如果你比較將 0.1 乘以 10 的結果與 0.1 連續加總九次的結果,你會發現因為後者多了八次運算,結果變得較不精確。 (在.NET 10之前,這種差異僅在使用「R」字串Double顯示兩個 值時才明顯,該字串顯示Double型態所支援的最多 17 位數精度。)
using System;
public class Example13
{
public static void Main()
{
Double value = .1;
Double result1 = value * 10;
Double result2 = 0;
for (int ctr = 1; ctr <= 10; ctr++)
result2 += value;
Console.WriteLine($".1 * 10: {result1:R}");
Console.WriteLine($".1 Added 10 times: {result2:R}");
}
}
// The example displays the following output:
// .1 * 10: 1
// .1 Added 10 times: 0.99999999999999989
let value = 0.1
let result1 = value * 10.
let mutable result2 = 0.
for i = 1 to 10 do
result2 <- result2 + value
printfn $".1 * 10: {result1:R}"
printfn $".1 Added 10 times: {result2:R}"
// The example displays the following output:
// .1 * 10: 1
// .1 Added 10 times: 0.99999999999999989
Module Example14
Public Sub Run()
Dim value As Double = 0.1
Dim result1 As Double = value * 10
Dim result2 As Double
For ctr As Integer = 1 To 10
result2 += value
Next
Console.WriteLine(".1 * 10: {0:R}", result1)
Console.WriteLine(".1 Added 10 times: {0:R}", result2)
End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
' .1 * 10: 1
' .1 Added 10 times: 0.99999999999999989
由於有些數字無法精確表示為小數二進位值,浮點數只能近似實數。
所有浮點數也有有限的有效位數,這也決定浮點值如何精確近似實數。 Double 值最多可達小數的精度位數 15 位,而系統內部最多支援 17 位。 這表示某些浮點運算可能缺乏改變浮點數值的精確度。 下列範例提供一個實例。 它定義了一個非常大的浮點值,然後將 Double.Epsilon 與一千兆的乘積加到這個浮點值中。 不過,產品太小,無法修改原始浮點值。 其最小有效位數為千分之一,而產品中最重要的數位為10-309。
using System;
public class Example14
{
public static void Main()
{
Double value = 123456789012.34567;
Double additional = Double.Epsilon * 1e15;
Console.WriteLine($"{value} + {additional} = {value + additional}");
}
}
// The example displays the following output:
// 123456789012.346 + 4.94065645841247E-309 = 123456789012.346
open System
let value = 123456789012.34567
let additional = Double.Epsilon * 1e15
printfn $"{value} + {additional} = {value + additional}"
// The example displays the following output:
// 123456789012.346 + 4.94065645841247E-309 = 123456789012.346
Module Example15
Public Sub Run()
Dim value As Double = 123456789012.34567
Dim additional As Double = Double.Epsilon * 1.0E+15
Console.WriteLine("{0} + {1} = {2}", value, additional,
value + additional)
End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
' 123456789012.346 + 4.94065645841247E-309 = 123456789012.346
浮點數的有限精度會產生數個影響:
兩個在特定精度下看似相等的浮點數,可能不會相等,因為它們的最低位數不同。 在下列範例中,一連串的數字會加在一起,其總和與預期總和進行比較。
using System; public class Example10 { public static void Main() { Double[] values = { 10.0, 2.88, 2.88, 2.88, 9.0 }; Double result = 27.64; Double total = 0; foreach (var value in values) total += value; if (total.Equals(result)) Console.WriteLine("The sum of the values equals the total."); else Console.WriteLine($"The sum of the values ({total}) does not equal the total ({result})."); } } // The example displays the following output: // The sum of the values (36.64) does not equal the total (36.64). // // If the index items in the Console.WriteLine statement are changed to {0:R}, // the example displays the following output: // The sum of the values (27.639999999999997) does not equal the total (27.64).let values = [ 10.0; 2.88; 2.88; 2.88; 9.0 ] let result = 27.64 let total = List.sum values if total.Equals result then printfn "The sum of the values equals the total." else printfn $"The sum of the values ({total}) does not equal the total ({result})." // The example displays the following output: // The sum of the values (36.64) does not equal the total (36.64). // // If the index items in the Console.WriteLine statement are changed to {0:R}, // the example displays the following output: // The sum of the values (27.639999999999997) does not equal the total (27.64).Module Example11 Public Sub Run() Dim values() As Double = {10.0, 2.88, 2.88, 2.88, 9.0} Dim result As Double = 27.64 Dim total As Double For Each value In values total += value Next If total.Equals(result) Then Console.WriteLine("The sum of the values equals the total.") Else Console.WriteLine("The sum of the values ({0}) does not equal the total ({1}).", total, result) End If End Sub End Module ' The example displays the following output: ' The sum of the values (36.64) does not equal the total (36.64). ' ' If the index items in the Console.WriteLine statement are changed to {0:R}, ' the example displays the following output: ' The sum of the values (27.639999999999997) does not equal the total (27.64).兩個值不相等,是因為加法運算時精度下降。 在此情況下,您可以藉由呼叫 Math.Round(Double, Int32) 方法,將 Double 值四捨五入至所需的精確度,再執行比較,來解決此問題。
如果使用十進位數,使用浮點數的數學或比較運算可能不會產生相同的結果,因為二進位浮點數可能不等於十進位數。 在上一個範例中,我們通過將 0.1 乘以 10 然後多次添加 0.1 的結果來說明這一點。
當數值運算的準確度很重要時,你可以使用 Decimal 類型而非 Double 類型。 當數值運算中整數值超出Int128UInt128類型範圍,且需要精確度時,請使用BigInteger類型。
Single 的數值精度低於 Double 的數值。 因為精度差異,Single數值轉換為看似等同的Double時,往往不等於該Double數值。 在下列範例中,相同的除法作業結果會指派給 Double 和 Single 值。 將 Single 值轉換成 Double之後,兩個值的比較會顯示它們不相等。
using System; public class Example9 { public static void Run() { double value1 = 1 / 3.0; float sValue2 = 1 / 3.0f; double value2 = (double)sValue2; Console.WriteLine($"{value1:R} = {value2:R}: {value1.Equals(value2)}"); } } // The example displays the following output: // 0.33333333333333331 = 0.3333333432674408: Falseopen System let value1 = 1. / 3. let sValue2 = 1f /3f let value2 = double sValue2 printfn $"{value1:R} = {value2:R}: {value1.Equals value2}" // The example displays the following output: // 0.33333333333333331 = 0.3333333432674408: FalseModule Example10 Public Sub Run() Dim value1 As Double = 1 / 3 Dim sValue2 As Single = 1 / 3 Dim value2 As Double = CDbl(sValue2) Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}: {2}", value1, value2, value1.Equals(value2)) End Sub End Module ' The example displays the following output: ' 0.33333333333333331 = 0.3333333432674408: False若要避免這個問題,請使用 Double 取代 Single 數據類型,或使用 Round 方法,從而使兩個值具有相同的精度。
此外,Double 值的算術運算和賦值運算的結果可能因 Double 類型的精度損失而在不同平台上略有差異。 例如,指派一個文字值 Double 的結果,在 32 位元和 64 位元版本的 .NET 中可能有所不同。 下列範例說明了當將常值 -4.42330604244772E-305 與值為 -4.42330604244772E-305 的變數分別指定給一個 Double 變數時,這個差異。 請注意,在此情況下,方法的結果 Parse(String) 不會因為精確度遺失而受到影響。
double value = -4.42330604244772E-305;
double fromLiteral = -4.42330604244772E-305;
double fromVariable = value;
double fromParse = double.Parse("-4.42330604244772E-305");
Console.WriteLine("Double value from literal: {0,29:R}", fromLiteral);
Console.WriteLine("Double value from variable: {0,28:R}", fromVariable);
Console.WriteLine("Double value from Parse method: {0,24:R}", fromParse);
// The output is:
// Double value from literal: -4.42330604244772E-305
// Double value from variable: -4.42330604244772E-305
// Double value from Parse method: -4.42330604244772E-305
let value = -4.42330604244772E-305
let fromLiteral = -4.42330604244772E-305
let fromVariable = value
let fromParse = Double.Parse "-4.42330604244772E-305"
printfn $"Double value from literal: {fromLiteral,29:R}"
printfn $"Double value from variable: {fromVariable,28:R}"
printfn $"Double value from Parse method: {fromParse,24:R}"
// On 32-bit versions of the .NET Framework, the output is:
// Double value from literal: -4.42330604244772E-305
// Double value from variable: -4.42330604244772E-305
// Double value from Parse method: -4.42330604244772E-305
//
// On other versions of the .NET Framework, the output is:
// Double value from literal: -4.4233060424477198E-305
// Double value from variable: -4.4233060424477198E-305
// Double value from Parse method: -4.42330604244772E-305
Dim value As Double = -4.4233060424477198E-305
Dim fromLiteral As Double = -4.4233060424477198E-305
Dim fromVariable As Double = value
Dim fromParse As Double = Double.Parse("-4.42330604244772E-305")
Console.WriteLine("Double value from literal: {0,29:R}", fromLiteral)
Console.WriteLine("Double value from variable: {0,28:R}", fromVariable)
Console.WriteLine("Double value from Parse method: {0,24:R}", fromParse)
' The output is:
' Double value from literal: -4.42330604244772E-305
' Double value from variable: -4.42330604244772E-305
' Double value from Parse method: -4.42330604244772E-305
進行相等性測試
若要視為相等,兩個 Double 值必須代表相同的值。 不過,由於數值之間的精度差異,或者其中一個或兩個數值的精度受到損失,因此預期相同的浮點數值通常因其最低有效位數的不同而不相等。 因此,呼叫 Equals 方法來判斷兩個值是否相等,或呼叫 CompareTo 方法來判斷兩個 Double 值之間的關聯性,通常會產生非預期的結果。 這在以下範例中很明顯,Double 中的兩個看似相等的值結果並不相等,因為第一個有 15 位數的精度,而第二個則有 17 位。
using System;
public class Example
{
public static void Main()
{
double value1 = .333333333333333;
double value2 = 1.0/3;
Console.WriteLine($"{value1} = {value2}: {value1.Equals(value2)}");
}
}
// The example displays the following output:
// 0.333333333333333 = 0.33333333333333331: False
open System
let value1 = 0.333333333333333
let value2 = 1. / 3.
printfn $"{value1:R} = {value2:R}: {value1.Equals value2}"
// The example displays the following output:
// 0.333333333333333 = 0.33333333333333331: False
Module Example1
Public Sub Run()
Dim value1 As Double = 0.333333333333333
Dim value2 As Double = 1 / 3
Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}: {2}", value1, value2, value1.Equals(value2))
End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
' 0.333333333333333 = 0.33333333333333331: False
如果遺失精確度可能會影響比較的結果,您可以採用下列任何替代方法呼叫 Equals 或 CompareTo 方法:
呼叫 Math.Round 方法,以確保這兩個值具有相同的精度。 下列範例會修改先前的範例,以使用此方法,讓兩個小數值相等。
double value1 = .333333333333333; double value2 = 1.0 / 3; int precision = 7; value1 = Math.Round(value1, precision); value2 = Math.Round(value2, precision); Console.WriteLine($"{value1} = {value2}: {value1.Equals(value2)}"); // The example displays the following output: // 0.3333333 = 0.3333333: Trueopen System let v1 = 0.333333333333333 let v2 = 1. / 3. let precision = 7 let value1 = Math.Round(v1, precision) let value2 = Math.Round(v2, precision) printfn $"{value1:R} = {value2:R}: {value1.Equals value2}" // The example displays the following output: // 0.3333333 = 0.3333333: TrueModule Example3 Public Sub Run() Dim value1 As Double = 0.333333333333333 Dim value2 As Double = 1 / 3 Dim precision As Integer = 7 value1 = Math.Round(value1, precision) value2 = Math.Round(value2, precision) Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}: {2}", value1, value2, value1.Equals(value2)) End Sub End Module ' The example displays the following output: ' 0.3333333 = 0.3333333: True精確度問題仍適用於中間點值的四捨五入。 如需詳細資訊,請參閱 Math.Round(Double, Int32, MidpointRounding) 方法。
測試大約相等,而不是完全相等。 這需要您定義兩個值可以相差但仍相等的絕對量,或定義較小的值可以從較大值中除以的相對量。
Warning
當測試是否相等時,Double.Epsilon 有時會當做兩個 Double 值之間距離的絕對量值。 不過,Double.Epsilon 測量可以加到或減去其值為零的 Double 的最小可能值。 對於大部分的正負 Double 值,Double.Epsilon 的值太小而無法偵測。 因此,除了零值,我們不建議用於相等性測試。
下列範例會使用後者方法來定義
IsApproximatelyEqual方法,以測試兩個值之間的相對差異。 該方法除以Math.Max(value1, value2),因此比較是相對於兩者中絕對值較大的值,從而使結果達到正確的數量級。 如果Math.Max回傳為零(當一個值為零且另一個為負時),方法會回退到Math.Min(value1, value2)使用非零值作為除子。 它也會對比呼叫IsApproximatelyEqual方法和 Equals(Double) 方法的結果。using System; public class Example3 { public static void Main() { double one1 = .1 * 10; double one2 = 0; for (int ctr = 1; ctr <= 10; ctr++) one2 += .1; Console.WriteLine($"{one1} = {one2}: {one1.Equals(one2)}"); Console.WriteLine($"{one1} is approximately equal to {one2}: {IsApproximatelyEqual(one1, one2, .000000001)}"); } static bool IsApproximatelyEqual(double value1, double value2, double epsilon) { // If they are equal anyway, just return True. if (value1.Equals(value2)) return true; // Handle NaN, Infinity. if (Double.IsInfinity(value1) | Double.IsNaN(value1)) return value1.Equals(value2); else if (Double.IsInfinity(value2) | Double.IsNaN(value2)) return value1.Equals(value2); // Handle zero to avoid division by zero double divisor = Math.Max(value1, value2); if (divisor.Equals(0)) divisor = Math.Min(value1, value2); return Math.Abs((value1 - value2) / divisor) <= epsilon; } } // The example displays the following output: // 1 = 0.99999999999999989: False // 1 is approximately equal to 0.99999999999999989: Trueopen System let isApproximatelyEqual (value1: double) (value2: double) (epsilon: double) = // If they are equal anyway, just return True. if value1.Equals value2 then true else // Handle NaN, Infinity. if Double.IsInfinity value1 || Double.IsNaN value1 then value1.Equals value2 elif Double.IsInfinity value2 || Double.IsNaN value2 then value1.Equals value2 else // Handle zero to avoid division by zero let divisor = max value1 value2 let divisor = if divisor.Equals 0 then min value1 value2 else divisor abs ((value1 - value2) / divisor) <= epsilon let one1 = 0.1 * 10. let mutable one2 = 0. for _ = 1 to 10 do one2 <- one2 + 0.1 printfn $"{one1:R} = {one2:R}: {one1.Equals one2}" printfn $"{one1:R} is approximately equal to {one2:R}: {isApproximatelyEqual one1 one2 0.000000001}" // The example displays the following output: // 1 = 0.99999999999999989: False // 1 is approximately equal to 0.99999999999999989: TrueModule Example4 Public Sub Run() Dim one1 As Double = 0.1 * 10 Dim one2 As Double = 0 For ctr As Integer = 1 To 10 one2 += 0.1 Next Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}: {2}", one1, one2, one1.Equals(one2)) Console.WriteLine("{0} is approximately equal to {1}: {2}", one1, one2, IsApproximatelyEqual(one1, one2, 0.000000001)) End Sub Function IsApproximatelyEqual(value1 As Double, value2 As Double, epsilon As Double) As Boolean ' If they are equal anyway, just return True. If value1.Equals(value2) Then Return True ' Handle NaN, Infinity. If Double.IsInfinity(value1) Or Double.IsNaN(value1) Then Return value1.Equals(value2) ElseIf Double.IsInfinity(value2) Or Double.IsNaN(value2) Then Return value1.Equals(value2) End If ' Handle zero to avoid division by zero Dim divisor As Double = Math.Max(value1, value2) If divisor.Equals(0) Then divisor = Math.Min(value1, value2) End If Return Math.Abs((value1 - value2) / divisor) <= epsilon End Function End Module ' The example displays the following output: ' 1 = 0.99999999999999989: False ' 1 is approximately equal to 0.99999999999999989: True
浮點值和例外狀況
與整數型態的操作不同,後者會在DivideByZeroException中拋出 a OverflowException 以除以零,或拋出 a 以溢位,浮點數運算不會拋出例外。 相反地,在特殊情況下,浮點運算的結果為零、正無限大、負無限大,或不是數位 (NaN):
如果浮點運算的結果對目的格式而言太小,則結果為零。 當兩個非常小的數位相乘時,就會發生這種情況,如下列範例所示。
using System; public class Example6 { public static void Main() { Double value1 = 1.1632875981534209e-225; Double value2 = 9.1642346778e-175; Double result = value1 * value2; Console.WriteLine($"{value1} * {value2} = {result}"); Console.WriteLine($"{result} = 0: {result.Equals(0.0)}"); } } // The example displays the following output: // 1.16328759815342E-225 * 9.1642346778E-175 = 0 // 0 = 0: Truelet value1 = 1.1632875981534209e-225 let value2 = 9.1642346778e-175 let result = value1 * value2 printfn $"{value1} * {value2} = {result}" printfn $"{result} = 0: {result.Equals 0.0}" // The example displays the following output: // 1.16328759815342E-225 * 9.1642346778E-175 = 0 // 0 = 0: TrueModule Example7 Public Sub Run() Dim value1 As Double = 1.1632875981534209E-225 Dim value2 As Double = 9.1642346778E-175 Dim result As Double = value1 * value2 Console.WriteLine("{0} * {1} = {2}", value1, value2, result) Console.WriteLine("{0} = 0: {1}", result, result.Equals(0.0)) End Sub End Module ' The example displays the following output: ' 1.16328759815342E-225 * 9.1642346778E-175 = 0 ' 0 = 0: True如果浮點運算的結果大於目的格式的範圍,則依據結果的正負號,作業的結果會是 PositiveInfinity 或 NegativeInfinity。 Double.MaxValue 溢位作業的結果是 PositiveInfinity,而溢位 Double.MinValue 的作業結果 NegativeInfinity,如下列範例所示。
using System; public class Example7 { public static void Main() { Double value1 = 4.565e153; Double value2 = 6.9375e172; Double result = value1 * value2; Console.WriteLine($"PositiveInfinity: {Double.IsPositiveInfinity(result)}"); Console.WriteLine($"NegativeInfinity: {Double.IsNegativeInfinity(result)}{Environment.NewLine}"); value1 = -value1; result = value1 * value2; Console.WriteLine($"PositiveInfinity: {Double.IsPositiveInfinity(result)}"); Console.WriteLine($"NegativeInfinity: {Double.IsNegativeInfinity(result)}"); } } // The example displays the following output: // PositiveInfinity: True // NegativeInfinity: False // // PositiveInfinity: False // NegativeInfinity: Trueopen System let value1 = 4.565e153 let value2 = 6.9375e172 let result = value1 * value2 printfn $"PositiveInfinity: {Double.IsPositiveInfinity result}" printfn $"NegativeInfinity: {Double.IsNegativeInfinity result}\n" let value3 = - value1 let result2 = value2 * value3 printfn $"PositiveInfinity: {Double.IsPositiveInfinity result2}" printfn $"NegativeInfinity: {Double.IsNegativeInfinity result2}" // The example displays the following output: // PositiveInfinity: True // NegativeInfinity: False // // PositiveInfinity: False // NegativeInfinity: TrueModule Example8 Public Sub Run() Dim value1 As Double = 4.565E+153 Dim value2 As Double = 6.9375E+172 Dim result As Double = value1 * value2 Console.WriteLine("PositiveInfinity: {0}", Double.IsPositiveInfinity(result)) Console.WriteLine("NegativeInfinity: {0}", Double.IsNegativeInfinity(result)) Console.WriteLine() value1 = -value1 result = value1 * value2 Console.WriteLine("PositiveInfinity: {0}", Double.IsPositiveInfinity(result)) Console.WriteLine("NegativeInfinity: {0}", Double.IsNegativeInfinity(result)) End Sub End Module ' The example displays the following output: ' PositiveInfinity: True ' NegativeInfinity: False ' ' PositiveInfinity: False ' NegativeInfinity: TruePositiveInfinity 也由正的被除數除以零產生,而 NegativeInfinity 則由負的被除數除以零產生。
如果浮點運算無效,作業的結果會 NaN。 例如,NaN 是由下列操作得出的結果:
以零作為被除數進行除以零的運算。 請注意,其他除以零的情況結果為PositiveInfinity或NegativeInfinity。
任何具有無效輸入的浮點運算。 例如,呼叫 Math.Sqrt 方法時使用負值會傳回NaN,就像呼叫 Math.Acos 方法時,若值大於一或小於負一。
任何具有其值為Double.NaN的引數的運算。
類型轉換
Double 結構未定義任何明確或隱含轉換運算符;相反地,編譯程式會實作轉換。
將任何基本數值型別的值轉換成 Double 是一種擴大轉換,因此,除非編譯器明確要求,否則不需要明確的轉換運算符或呼叫轉換方法。 例如,C# 編譯器需要一個鑄造運算子來將 Decimal 轉換到 Double,而 Visual Basic 編譯器則不需要。 下列範例會將其他基本數值類型的 Double最小值或最大值轉換為 。
dynamic[] values = { Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue, Decimal.MinValue,
Decimal.MaxValue, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue,
Int32.MinValue, Int32.MaxValue, Int64.MinValue,
Int64.MaxValue, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue,
Single.MinValue, Single.MaxValue, UInt16.MinValue,
UInt16.MaxValue, UInt32.MinValue, UInt32.MaxValue,
UInt64.MinValue, UInt64.MaxValue };
double dblValue;
foreach (dynamic value in values)
{
if (value.GetType() == typeof(decimal))
dblValue = (double)value;
else
dblValue = value;
Console.WriteLine($"{value} ({value.GetType().Name}) --> " +
$"{dblValue:R} ({dblValue.GetType().Name})");
}
// The example displays the following output:
// 0 (Byte) --> 0 (Double)
// 255 (Byte) --> 255 (Double)
// -79228162514264337593543950335 (Decimal) --> -7.9228162514264338E+28 (Double)
// 79228162514264337593543950335 (Decimal) --> 7.9228162514264338E+28 (Double)
// -32768 (Int16) --> -32768 (Double)
// 32767 (Int16) --> 32767 (Double)
// -2147483648 (Int32) --> -2147483648 (Double)
// 2147483647 (Int32) --> 2147483647 (Double)
// -9223372036854775808 (Int64) --> -9.2233720368547758E+18 (Double)
// 9223372036854775807 (Int64) --> 9.2233720368547758E+18 (Double)
// -128 (SByte) --> -128 (Double)
// 127 (SByte) --> 127 (Double)
// -3.402823E+38 (Single) --> -3.4028234663852886E+38 (Double)
// 3.402823E+38 (Single) --> 3.4028234663852886E+38 (Double)
// 0 (UInt16) --> 0 (Double)
// 65535 (UInt16) --> 65535 (Double)
// 0 (UInt32) --> 0 (Double)
// 4294967295 (UInt32) --> 4294967295 (Double)
// 0 (UInt64) --> 0 (Double)
// 18446744073709551615 (UInt64) --> 1.8446744073709552E+19 (Double)
open System
let values: obj[] =
[| Byte.MinValue; Byte.MaxValue; Decimal.MinValue
Decimal.MaxValue; Int16.MinValue; Int16.MaxValue
Int32.MinValue; Int32.MaxValue; Int64.MinValue
Int64.MaxValue; SByte.MinValue; SByte.MaxValue
Single.MinValue; Single.MaxValue; UInt16.MinValue
UInt16.MaxValue; UInt32.MinValue, UInt32.MaxValue
UInt64.MinValue; UInt64.MaxValue |]
for value in values do
let dblValue = value :?> double
printfn $"{value} ({value.GetType().Name}) --> {dblValue:R} ({dblValue.GetType().Name})"
// The example displays the following output:
// 0 (Byte) --> 0 (Double)
// 255 (Byte) --> 255 (Double)
// -79228162514264337593543950335 (Decimal) --> -7.9228162514264338E+28 (Double)
// 79228162514264337593543950335 (Decimal) --> 7.9228162514264338E+28 (Double)
// -32768 (Int16) --> -32768 (Double)
// 32767 (Int16) --> 32767 (Double)
// -2147483648 (Int32) --> -2147483648 (Double)
// 2147483647 (Int32) --> 2147483647 (Double)
// -9223372036854775808 (Int64) --> -9.2233720368547758E+18 (Double)
// 9223372036854775807 (Int64) --> 9.2233720368547758E+18 (Double)
// -128 (SByte) --> -128 (Double)
// 127 (SByte) --> 127 (Double)
// -3.402823E+38 (Single) --> -3.4028234663852886E+38 (Double)
// 3.402823E+38 (Single) --> 3.4028234663852886E+38 (Double)
// 0 (UInt16) --> 0 (Double)
// 65535 (UInt16) --> 65535 (Double)
// 0 (UInt32) --> 0 (Double)
// 4294967295 (UInt32) --> 4294967295 (Double)
// 0 (UInt64) --> 0 (Double)
// 18446744073709551615 (UInt64) --> 1.8446744073709552E+19 (Double)
Module Example5
Public Sub Run()
Dim values() As Object = {Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue, Decimal.MinValue,
Decimal.MaxValue, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue,
Int32.MinValue, Int32.MaxValue, Int64.MinValue,
Int64.MaxValue, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue,
Single.MinValue, Single.MaxValue, UInt16.MinValue,
UInt16.MaxValue, UInt32.MinValue, UInt32.MaxValue,
UInt64.MinValue, UInt64.MaxValue}
Dim dblValue As Double
For Each value In values
dblValue = value
Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1}) --> {2:R} ({3})",
value, value.GetType().Name,
dblValue, dblValue.GetType().Name)
Next
End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
' 0 (Byte) --> 0 (Double)
' 255 (Byte) --> 255 (Double)
' -79228162514264337593543950335 (Decimal) --> -7.9228162514264338E+28 (Double)
' 79228162514264337593543950335 (Decimal) --> 7.9228162514264338E+28 (Double)
' -32768 (Int16) --> -32768 (Double)
' 32767 (Int16) --> 32767 (Double)
' -2147483648 (Int32) --> -2147483648 (Double)
' 2147483647 (Int32) --> 2147483647 (Double)
' -9223372036854775808 (Int64) --> -9.2233720368547758E+18 (Double)
' 9223372036854775807 (Int64) --> 9.2233720368547758E+18 (Double)
' -128 (SByte) --> -128 (Double)
' 127 (SByte) --> 127 (Double)
' -3.402823E+38 (Single) --> -3.4028234663852886E+38 (Double)
' 3.402823E+38 (Single) --> 3.4028234663852886E+38 (Double)
' 0 (UInt16) --> 0 (Double)
' 65535 (UInt16) --> 65535 (Double)
' 0 (UInt32) --> 0 (Double)
' 4294967295 (UInt32) --> 4294967295 (Double)
' 0 (UInt64) --> 0 (Double)
' 18446744073709551615 (UInt64) --> 1.8446744073709552E+19 (Double)
此外,Single 值 Single.NaN、Single.PositiveInfinity和 Single.NegativeInfinity 分別轉換成 Double.NaN、Double.PositiveInfinity和 Double.NegativeInfinity。
請注意,將某些數值型別的值轉換成 Double 值,可能涉及精確度遺失。 如範例所示,將 Decimal、Int64 和 UInt64 值轉換成 Double 值時,可能會遺失有效位數。
將 Double 值轉換成任何其他原始數值資料型態的值,是一種狹窄轉換,需要在 C# 中使用鑄造運算子、在 Visual Basic 中使用轉換方法,或呼叫 Convert 方法。 目標數據類型範圍以外的值,這些值是由目標類型的 MinValue 和 MaxValue 屬性所定義,其行為如下表所示。
| 目標類型 | Result |
|---|---|
| 任何整數類型 | 如果轉換發生在已檢查的內容中,則為 OverflowException 例外狀況。 如果轉換發生在未核取的內容中(C# 中的預設值),轉換作業會成功,但值溢位。 |
| Decimal | 一個OverflowException例外。 |
| Single |
Single.NegativeInfinity 用於表示負值。 Single.PositiveInfinity 代表正值。 |
此外,Double.NaN、Double.PositiveInfinity和 Double.NegativeInfinity 會擲回 OverflowException,以便在已檢查的上下文中轉換成整數,但這些值在未檢查的上下文中轉換成整數時會溢位。 若要轉換成 Decimal,它們一律會拋出 OverflowException。 若要轉換成 Single,它們分別轉換成 Single.NaN、Single.PositiveInfinity和 Single.NegativeInfinity。
將數 Double 值轉換成其他數值類型可能會導致精度損失。 在將值轉換為任何整數型別時,如範例輸出所示,當 Double 值被四捨五入(如在 Visual Basic 中)或截斷(如在 C# 中),小數部分就會被捨去。 對於轉換到 Decimal 和 Single 值,Double 的值可能無法精確表示為目標資料類型。
下列範例會將一些 Double 值轉換成數個其他數值類型。 轉換發生在 Visual Basic 中已核取的內容中(預設值)、C# 中(因為 checked 關鍵詞),以及 F# 中(因為 Checked 模組)。 範例的輸出顯示在已檢查和未檢查環境中進行轉換的結果。 你可以在未受檢查的環境中進行轉換,Visual Basic 中透過使用編譯器開關/removeintchecks+進行編譯,在 C# 中註解checked語句,在 F# 中註解open Checked語句。
using System;
public class Example5
{
public static void Main()
{
Double[] values = { Double.MinValue, -67890.1234, -12345.6789,
12345.6789, 67890.1234, Double.MaxValue,
Double.NaN, Double.PositiveInfinity,
Double.NegativeInfinity };
checked
{
foreach (var value in values)
{
try
{
Int64 lValue = (long)value;
Console.WriteLine($"{value} ({value.GetType().Name}) --> {lValue} (0x{lValue:X16}) ({lValue.GetType().Name})");
}
catch (OverflowException)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Unable to convert {value} to Int64.");
}
try
{
UInt64 ulValue = (ulong)value;
Console.WriteLine($"{value} ({value.GetType().Name}) --> {ulValue} (0x{ulValue:X16}) ({ulValue.GetType().Name})");
}
catch (OverflowException)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Unable to convert {value} to UInt64.");
}
try
{
Decimal dValue = (decimal)value;
Console.WriteLine($"{value} ({value.GetType().Name}) --> {dValue} ({dValue.GetType().Name})");
}
catch (OverflowException)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Unable to convert {value} to Decimal.");
}
try
{
Single sValue = (float)value;
Console.WriteLine($"{value} ({value.GetType().Name}) --> {sValue} ({sValue.GetType().Name})");
}
catch (OverflowException)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Unable to convert {value} to Single.");
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}
}
// The example displays the following output for conversions performed
// in a checked context:
// Unable to convert -1.79769313486232E+308 to Int64.
// Unable to convert -1.79769313486232E+308 to UInt64.
// Unable to convert -1.79769313486232E+308 to Decimal.
// -1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> -Infinity (Single)
//
// -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFEF6CE) (Int64)
// Unable to convert -67890.1234 to UInt64.
// -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890.1234 (Decimal)
// -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890.13 (Single)
//
// -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFCFC7) (Int64)
// Unable to convert -12345.6789 to UInt64.
// -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345.6789 (Decimal)
// -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345.68 (Single)
//
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345 (0x0000000000003039) (Int64)
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345 (0x0000000000003039) (UInt64)
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345.6789 (Decimal)
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345.68 (Single)
//
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890 (0x0000000000010932) (Int64)
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890 (0x0000000000010932) (UInt64)
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890.1234 (Decimal)
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890.13 (Single)
//
// Unable to convert 1.79769313486232E+308 to Int64.
// Unable to convert 1.79769313486232E+308 to UInt64.
// Unable to convert 1.79769313486232E+308 to Decimal.
// 1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> Infinity (Single)
//
// Unable to convert NaN to Int64.
// Unable to convert NaN to UInt64.
// Unable to convert NaN to Decimal.
// NaN (Double) --> NaN (Single)
//
// Unable to convert Infinity to Int64.
// Unable to convert Infinity to UInt64.
// Unable to convert Infinity to Decimal.
// Infinity (Double) --> Infinity (Single)
//
// Unable to convert -Infinity to Int64.
// Unable to convert -Infinity to UInt64.
// Unable to convert -Infinity to Decimal.
// -Infinity (Double) --> -Infinity (Single)
// The example displays the following output for conversions performed
// in an unchecked context:
// -1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
// -1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> 9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (UInt64)
// Unable to convert -1.79769313486232E+308 to Decimal.
// -1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> -Infinity (Single)
//
// -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFEF6CE) (Int64)
// -67890.1234 (Double) --> 18446744073709483726 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFEF6CE) (UInt64)
// -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890.1234 (Decimal)
// -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890.13 (Single)
//
// -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFCFC7) (Int64)
// -12345.6789 (Double) --> 18446744073709539271 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFCFC7) (UInt64)
// -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345.6789 (Decimal)
// -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345.68 (Single)
//
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345 (0x0000000000003039) (Int64)
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345 (0x0000000000003039) (UInt64)
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345.6789 (Decimal)
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345.68 (Single)
//
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890 (0x0000000000010932) (Int64)
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890 (0x0000000000010932) (UInt64)
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890.1234 (Decimal)
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890.13 (Single)
//
// 1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
// 1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> 0 (0x0000000000000000) (UInt64)
// Unable to convert 1.79769313486232E+308 to Decimal.
// 1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> Infinity (Single)
//
// NaN (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
// NaN (Double) --> 0 (0x0000000000000000) (UInt64)
// Unable to convert NaN to Decimal.
// NaN (Double) --> NaN (Single)
//
// Infinity (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
// Infinity (Double) --> 0 (0x0000000000000000) (UInt64)
// Unable to convert Infinity to Decimal.
// Infinity (Double) --> Infinity (Single)
//
// -Infinity (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
// -Infinity (Double) --> 9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (UInt64)
// Unable to convert -Infinity to Decimal.
// -Infinity (Double) --> -Infinity (Single)
open System
open Checked
let values =
[| Double.MinValue; -67890.1234; -12345.6789
12345.6789; 67890.1234; Double.MaxValue
Double.NaN; Double.PositiveInfinity;
Double.NegativeInfinity |]
for value in values do
try
let lValue = int64 value
printfn $"{value} ({value.GetType().Name}) --> {lValue} (0x{lValue:X16}) ({lValue.GetType().Name})"
with :? OverflowException ->
printfn $"Unable to convert {value} to Int64."
try
let ulValue = uint64 value
printfn $"{value} ({value.GetType().Name}) --> {ulValue} (0x{ulValue:X16}) ({ulValue.GetType().Name})"
with :? OverflowException ->
printfn $"Unable to convert {value} to UInt64."
try
let dValue = decimal value
printfn $"{value} ({value.GetType().Name}) --> {dValue} ({dValue.GetType().Name})"
with :? OverflowException ->
printfn $"Unable to convert {value} to Decimal."
try
let sValue = float32 value
printfn $"{value} ({value.GetType().Name}) --> {sValue} ({sValue.GetType().Name})"
with :? OverflowException ->
printfn $"Unable to convert {value} to Single."
printfn ""
// The example displays the following output for conversions performed
// in a checked context:
// Unable to convert -1.79769313486232E+308 to Int64.
// Unable to convert -1.79769313486232E+308 to UInt64.
// Unable to convert -1.79769313486232E+308 to Decimal.
// -1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> -Infinity (Single)
//
// -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFEF6CE) (Int64)
// Unable to convert -67890.1234 to UInt64.
// -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890.1234 (Decimal)
// -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890.13 (Single)
//
// -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFCFC7) (Int64)
// Unable to convert -12345.6789 to UInt64.
// -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345.6789 (Decimal)
// -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345.68 (Single)
//
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345 (0x0000000000003039) (Int64)
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345 (0x0000000000003039) (UInt64)
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345.6789 (Decimal)
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345.68 (Single)
//
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890 (0x0000000000010932) (Int64)
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890 (0x0000000000010932) (UInt64)
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890.1234 (Decimal)
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890.13 (Single)
//
// Unable to convert 1.79769313486232E+308 to Int64.
// Unable to convert 1.79769313486232E+308 to UInt64.
// Unable to convert 1.79769313486232E+308 to Decimal.
// 1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> Infinity (Single)
//
// Unable to convert NaN to Int64.
// Unable to convert NaN to UInt64.
// Unable to convert NaN to Decimal.
// NaN (Double) --> NaN (Single)
//
// Unable to convert Infinity to Int64.
// Unable to convert Infinity to UInt64.
// Unable to convert Infinity to Decimal.
// Infinity (Double) --> Infinity (Single)
//
// Unable to convert -Infinity to Int64.
// Unable to convert -Infinity to UInt64.
// Unable to convert -Infinity to Decimal.
// -Infinity (Double) --> -Infinity (Single)
// The example displays the following output for conversions performed
// in an unchecked context:
// -1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
// -1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> 9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (UInt64)
// Unable to convert -1.79769313486232E+308 to Decimal.
// -1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> -Infinity (Single)
//
// -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFEF6CE) (Int64)
// -67890.1234 (Double) --> 18446744073709483726 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFEF6CE) (UInt64)
// -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890.1234 (Decimal)
// -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890.13 (Single)
//
// -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFCFC7) (Int64)
// -12345.6789 (Double) --> 18446744073709539271 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFCFC7) (UInt64)
// -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345.6789 (Decimal)
// -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345.68 (Single)
//
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345 (0x0000000000003039) (Int64)
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345 (0x0000000000003039) (UInt64)
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345.6789 (Decimal)
// 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345.68 (Single)
//
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890 (0x0000000000010932) (Int64)
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890 (0x0000000000010932) (UInt64)
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890.1234 (Decimal)
// 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890.13 (Single)
//
// 1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
// 1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> 0 (0x0000000000000000) (UInt64)
// Unable to convert 1.79769313486232E+308 to Decimal.
// 1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> Infinity (Single)
//
// NaN (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
// NaN (Double) --> 0 (0x0000000000000000) (UInt64)
// Unable to convert NaN to Decimal.
// NaN (Double) --> NaN (Single)
//
// Infinity (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
// Infinity (Double) --> 0 (0x0000000000000000) (UInt64)
// Unable to convert Infinity to Decimal.
// Infinity (Double) --> Infinity (Single)
//
// -Infinity (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
// -Infinity (Double) --> 9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (UInt64)
// Unable to convert -Infinity to Decimal.
// -Infinity (Double) --> -Infinity (Single)
Module Example6
Public Sub Run()
Dim values() As Double = {Double.MinValue, -67890.1234, -12345.6789,
12345.6789, 67890.1234, Double.MaxValue,
Double.NaN, Double.PositiveInfinity,
Double.NegativeInfinity}
For Each value In values
Try
Dim lValue As Int64 = CLng(value)
Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1}) --> {2} (0x{2:X16}) ({3})",
value, value.GetType().Name,
lValue, lValue.GetType().Name)
Catch e As OverflowException
Console.WriteLine("Unable to convert {0} to Int64.", value)
End Try
Try
Dim ulValue As UInt64 = CULng(value)
Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1}) --> {2} (0x{2:X16}) ({3})",
value, value.GetType().Name,
ulValue, ulValue.GetType().Name)
Catch e As OverflowException
Console.WriteLine("Unable to convert {0} to UInt64.", value)
End Try
Try
Dim dValue As Decimal = CDec(value)
Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1}) --> {2} ({3})",
value, value.GetType().Name,
dValue, dValue.GetType().Name)
Catch e As OverflowException
Console.WriteLine("Unable to convert {0} to Decimal.", value)
End Try
Try
Dim sValue As Single = CSng(value)
Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1}) --> {2} ({3})",
value, value.GetType().Name,
sValue, sValue.GetType().Name)
Catch e As OverflowException
Console.WriteLine("Unable to convert {0} to Single.", value)
End Try
Console.WriteLine()
Next
End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output for conversions performed
' in a checked context:
' Unable to convert -1.79769313486232E+308 to Int64.
' Unable to convert -1.79769313486232E+308 to UInt64.
' Unable to convert -1.79769313486232E+308 to Decimal.
' -1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> -Infinity (Single)
'
' -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFEF6CE) (Int64)
' Unable to convert -67890.1234 to UInt64.
' -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890.1234 (Decimal)
' -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890.13 (Single)
'
' -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12346 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFCFC6) (Int64)
' Unable to convert -12345.6789 to UInt64.
' -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345.6789 (Decimal)
' -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345.68 (Single)
'
' 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12346 (0x000000000000303A) (Int64)
' 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12346 (0x000000000000303A) (UInt64)
' 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345.6789 (Decimal)
' 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345.68 (Single)
'
' 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890 (0x0000000000010932) (Int64)
' 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890 (0x0000000000010932) (UInt64)
' 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890.1234 (Decimal)
' 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890.13 (Single)
'
' Unable to convert 1.79769313486232E+308 to Int64.
' Unable to convert 1.79769313486232E+308 to UInt64.
' Unable to convert 1.79769313486232E+308 to Decimal.
' 1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> Infinity (Single)
'
' Unable to convert NaN to Int64.
' Unable to convert NaN to UInt64.
' Unable to convert NaN to Decimal.
' NaN (Double) --> NaN (Single)
'
' Unable to convert Infinity to Int64.
' Unable to convert Infinity to UInt64.
' Unable to convert Infinity to Decimal.
' Infinity (Double) --> Infinity (Single)
'
' Unable to convert -Infinity to Int64.
' Unable to convert -Infinity to UInt64.
' Unable to convert -Infinity to Decimal.
' -Infinity (Double) --> -Infinity (Single)
' The example displays the following output for conversions performed
' in an unchecked context:
' -1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
' -1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> 9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (UInt64)
' Unable to convert -1.79769313486232E+308 to Decimal.
' -1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> -Infinity (Single)
'
' -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFEF6CE) (Int64)
' -67890.1234 (Double) --> 18446744073709483726 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFEF6CE) (UInt64)
' -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890.1234 (Decimal)
' -67890.1234 (Double) --> -67890.13 (Single)
'
' -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12346 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFCFC6) (Int64)
' -12345.6789 (Double) --> 18446744073709539270 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFCFC6) (UInt64)
' -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345.6789 (Decimal)
' -12345.6789 (Double) --> -12345.68 (Single)
'
' 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12346 (0x000000000000303A) (Int64)
' 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12346 (0x000000000000303A) (UInt64)
' 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345.6789 (Decimal)
' 12345.6789 (Double) --> 12345.68 (Single)
'
' 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890 (0x0000000000010932) (Int64)
' 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890 (0x0000000000010932) (UInt64)
' 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890.1234 (Decimal)
' 67890.1234 (Double) --> 67890.13 (Single)
'
' 1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
' 1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> 0 (0x0000000000000000) (UInt64)
' Unable to convert 1.79769313486232E+308 to Decimal.
' 1.79769313486232E+308 (Double) --> Infinity (Single)
'
' NaN (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
' NaN (Double) --> 0 (0x0000000000000000) (UInt64)
' Unable to convert NaN to Decimal.
' NaN (Double) --> NaN (Single)
'
' Infinity (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
' Infinity (Double) --> 0 (0x0000000000000000) (UInt64)
' Unable to convert Infinity to Decimal.
' Infinity (Double) --> Infinity (Single)
'
' -Infinity (Double) --> -9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (Int64)
' -Infinity (Double) --> 9223372036854775808 (0x8000000000000000) (UInt64)
' Unable to convert -Infinity to Decimal.
' -Infinity (Double) --> -Infinity (Single)
如需數值型別轉換的詳細資訊,請參閱 .NET 中的 型別轉換和 類型轉換資料表。
浮點功能
結構和 Double 相關類型提供方法,以在下列區域中執行作業:
的值比較。 您可以呼叫 Equals 方法來判斷兩個 Double 值是否相等,或判斷兩個值之間的關聯性 CompareTo 方法。
Double 結構也支援一組完整的比較運算符。 例如,您可以測試是否相等或不等,或判斷某個值是否大於或等於另一個值。 如果其中一個運算元是非 Double 的數值類型,在執行比較之前,會先將其轉換為 Double。
您也可以呼叫 IsNaN、IsInfinity、IsPositiveInfinity和 IsNegativeInfinity 方法來測試這些特殊值。
數學運算。 常見的算術運算,例如加法、減法、乘法和除法,都是由語言編譯程式和通用中繼語言 (CIL) 指令實作,而不是由 Double 方法實作。 如果數學運算中的某個運算元是非 a Double的數值型態,則在執行操作前會先轉換成 a Double 。 作業的結果也是值 Double 。
您可以透過在
static類別中呼叫Shared方法(在 Visual Basic 中為 System.Math)來執行其他數學運算。 它包含一些常用於算術的方法(例如 Math.Abs、Math.Sign 和 Math.Sqrt)、幾何(例如 Math.Cos 和 Math.Sin)以及微積分(例如 Math.Log)。您也可以操作 Double 值中的單個位元。 方法 BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits 會在 Double 64位整數中保留值的位模式。 BitConverter.GetBytes(Double) 方法會將其位元模式返回到位元組數列中。
四捨五入。 四捨五入通常用來作為減少浮點表示和精確度問題所造成值差異影響的技術。 您可以呼叫 Double 方法來四捨五入 Math.Round 值。
格式化. 您可以將 Double 值轉換為其字串表示法,方法是呼叫 ToString 方法或使用複合格式功能。 為了瞭解格式字串如何控制浮點值的字串表示,請參閱標準數值格式字串和自訂數值格式字串。
解析字串。 您可以呼叫 Double 或 Parse 方法,將浮點值的字串表示轉換成TryParse值。 如果剖析作業失敗,Parse 方法會擲回例外狀況,而 TryParse 方法會傳回
false。類型轉換。 Double 結構為 IConvertible 介面提供了明確的介面實作,支援任意兩種標準.NET資料型態之間的轉換。 語言編譯程式也支援將所有其他標準數值類型的值隱含轉換成 Double 值。 將任何標準數字型別的值轉換為 Double 是一種擴大轉換,這不需要使用轉型運算符或轉換方法。
不過,Int64 和 Single 值的轉換可能會導致精確度降低。 下表列出這些類型的精確度差異:
類型 最大精度 內部精度 Double 15 17 Int64 19個十進位數 19個十進位數 Single 7 個十進位數 9 個十進位數 精確度問題最常影響的是 Single 值在轉換成 Double 值的過程中。 在下列範例中,相同除法運算所產生的兩個值不相等,因為其中一個值是轉換成 Double的單精度浮點值。
using System; public class Example13 { public static void Main() { Double value = .1; Double result1 = value * 10; Double result2 = 0; for (int ctr = 1; ctr <= 10; ctr++) result2 += value; Console.WriteLine($".1 * 10: {result1:R}"); Console.WriteLine($".1 Added 10 times: {result2:R}"); } } // The example displays the following output: // .1 * 10: 1 // .1 Added 10 times: 0.99999999999999989let value = 0.1 let result1 = value * 10. let mutable result2 = 0. for i = 1 to 10 do result2 <- result2 + value printfn $".1 * 10: {result1:R}" printfn $".1 Added 10 times: {result2:R}" // The example displays the following output: // .1 * 10: 1 // .1 Added 10 times: 0.99999999999999989Module Example14 Public Sub Run() Dim value As Double = 0.1 Dim result1 As Double = value * 10 Dim result2 As Double For ctr As Integer = 1 To 10 result2 += value Next Console.WriteLine(".1 * 10: {0:R}", result1) Console.WriteLine(".1 Added 10 times: {0:R}", result2) End Sub End Module ' The example displays the following output: ' .1 * 10: 1 ' .1 Added 10 times: 0.99999999999999989
欄位
| 名稱 | Description |
|---|---|
| E |
代表自然對數底,由常數 e 表示。 |
| Epsilon |
代表大於零的最小正 Double 值。 此欄位是常數。 |
| MaxValue |
代表 的最大可能值 Double。 此欄位是常數。 |
| MinValue |
代表 的最小值 Double。 此欄位是常數。 |
| NaN |
代表一個非數字的值( |
| NegativeInfinity |
代表負無限。 此欄位是常數。 |
| NegativeZero |
代表數字負零(-0)。 |
| Pi |
代表圓周長與直徑的比值,由常數π表示。 |
| PositiveInfinity |
代表正無限。 此欄位是常數。 |
| Tau |
表示一回合內弧度數,由常數 τ 表示。 |
方法
操作員
| 名稱 | Description |
|---|---|
| Equality(Double, Double) |
回傳一個值,表示兩個指定 Double 值是否相等。 |
| GreaterThan(Double, Double) | |
| GreaterThanOrEqual(Double, Double) | |
| Inequality(Double, Double) |
回傳一個值,表示兩個指定 Double 值是否不相等。 |
| LessThan(Double, Double) | |
| LessThanOrEqual(Double, Double) |
明確介面實作
適用於
執行緒安全性
此類型的所有成員都是安全線程。 看似修改實例狀態的成員實際上會傳回以新值初始化的新實例。 如同任何其他類型,讀取和寫入包含此類型實例的共用變數必須受到鎖定的保護,以確保線程安全性。