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輔助函式

本文包含 M 延伸模組中常用的一些協助程式函式。 這些函式最終可能會移至官方 M 連結庫,但現在可以複製到您的延伸模組檔程式代碼。 您不應該將這些函式標示為 shared 延伸模組程式代碼內的任何函式。

Table.ToNavigationTable

此函式會新增擴充功能所需的數據表類型元數據,以傳回 Power Query 可辨識為導覽樹狀結構的數據表值。 如需詳細資訊,請移至瀏覽 數據表

Table.ToNavigationTable = (
    table as table,
    keyColumns as list,
    nameColumn as text,
    dataColumn as text,
    itemKindColumn as text,
    itemNameColumn as text,
    isLeafColumn as text
) as table =>
    let
        tableType = Value.Type(table),
        newTableType = Type.AddTableKey(tableType, keyColumns, true) meta 
        [
            NavigationTable.NameColumn = nameColumn, 
            NavigationTable.DataColumn = dataColumn,
            NavigationTable.ItemKindColumn = itemKindColumn, 
            Preview.DelayColumn = itemNameColumn, 
            NavigationTable.IsLeafColumn = isLeafColumn
        ],
        navigationTable = Value.ReplaceType(table, newTableType)
    in
        navigationTable;
參數 詳細資料
table 您的瀏覽資料表。
keyColumns 做為導覽數據表主鍵的數據行名稱清單。
nameColumn 應該作為導覽器中顯示名稱的數據行名稱。
dataColumn 包含要顯示之數據表或函式的數據行名稱。
itemKindColumn 要用來判斷要顯示的圖示類型的數據行名稱。 數據行的有效值會列在處理導覽文章
itemNameColumn 要用來判斷要顯示之工具提示類型的數據行名稱。 資料列 Table 的有效值為 和 Function
isLeafColumn 用來判斷這是否為分葉節點的數據行名稱,或節點是否可以展開以包含另一個導覽數據表。

範例用法:

shared MyExtension.Contents = () =>
    let
        objects = #table(
            {"Name",       "Key",        "Data",                           "ItemKind", "ItemName", "IsLeaf"},{
            {"Item1",      "item1",      #table({"Column1"}, {{"Item1"}}), "Table",    "Table",    true},
            {"Item2",      "item2",      #table({"Column1"}, {{"Item2"}}), "Table",    "Table",    true},
            {"Item3",      "item3",      FunctionCallThatReturnsATable(),  "Table",    "Table",    true},            
            {"MyFunction", "myfunction", AnotherFunction.Contents(),       "Function", "Function", true}
            }),
        NavTable = Table.ToNavigationTable(objects, {"Key"}, "Name", "Data", "ItemKind", "ItemName", "IsLeaf")
    in
        NavTable;

URI 操作

Uri.FromParts

此函式會根據記錄中的個別欄位來建構完整的 URL。 它會做為 Uri.Parts反向。

Uri.FromParts = (parts) =>
    let
        port = if (parts[Scheme] = "https" and parts[Port] = 443) or (parts[Scheme] = "http" and parts[Port] = 80) then "" else ":" & Text.From(parts[Port]),
        div1 = if Record.FieldCount(parts[Query]) > 0 then "?" else "",
        div2 = if Text.Length(parts[Fragment]) > 0 then "#" else "",
        uri = Text.Combine({parts[Scheme], "://", parts[Host], port, parts[Path], div1, Uri.BuildQueryString(parts[Query]), div2, parts[Fragment]})
    in
        uri;

Uri.GetHost

此函式會傳回指定 URL 的配置、主機和預設埠(適用於 HTTP/HTTPS)。 例如,https://bing.com/subpath/query?param=1&param2=hello 會變成 https://bing.com:443

這對於建置 ResourcePath特別有用。

Uri.GetHost = (url) =>
    let
        parts = Uri.Parts(url),
        port = if (parts[Scheme] = "https" and parts[Port] = 443) or (parts[Scheme] = "http" and parts[Port] = 80) then "" else ":" & Text.From(parts[Port])
    in
        parts[Scheme] & "://" & parts[Host] & port;

ValidateUrlScheme

此函式會檢查使用者是否已輸入 HTTPS URL,並在未輸入時引發錯誤。 這是使用者輸入認證連接器 URL 的必要專案。

ValidateUrlScheme = (url as text) as text => if (Uri.Parts(url)[Scheme] <> "https") then error "Url scheme must be HTTPS" else url;

若要套用它,只要將您的參數包裝 url 在數據存取函式中即可。

DataAccessFunction = (url as text) as table =>
    let
        _url = ValidateUrlScheme(url),
        source = Web.Contents(_url)
    in
        source;

擷取資料

Value.WaitFor

這個函式在提出異步 HTTP 要求時很有用,而且您必須輪詢伺服器,直到要求完成為止。

Value.WaitFor = (producer as function, interval as function, optional count as number) as any =>
    let
        list = List.Generate(
            () => {0, null},
            (state) => state{0} <> null and (count = null or state{0} < count),
            (state) => if state{1} <> null then {null, state{1}} else {1 + state{0}, Function.InvokeAfter(() => producer(state{0}), interval(state{0}))},
            (state) => state{1})
    in
        List.Last(list);

Table.GenerateByPage

當 API 以累加/分頁格式傳回數據時,會使用此函式,這在許多 REST API 中很常見。 自 getNextPage 變數是接受單一參數的函式,這是先前呼叫 getNextPage的結果,而且應該傳回 nullable table

getNextPage = (lastPage) as nullable table => ...;

getNextPage 會重複呼叫,直到傳回 null為止。 函式會將所有頁面定序成單一數據表。 第一次呼叫 getNextPage 的結果為 null 時,會傳回空的數據表。

// The getNextPage function takes a single argument and is expected to return a nullable table
Table.GenerateByPage = (getNextPage as function) as table =>
    let        
        listOfPages = List.Generate(
            () => getNextPage(null),            // get the first page of data
            (lastPage) => lastPage <> null,     // stop when the function returns null
            (lastPage) => getNextPage(lastPage) // pass the previous page to the next function call
        ),
        // concatenate the pages together
        tableOfPages = Table.FromList(listOfPages, Splitter.SplitByNothing(), {"Column1"}),
        firstRow = tableOfPages{0}?
    in
        // if we didn't get back any pages of data, return an empty table
        // otherwise set the table type based on the columns of the first page
        if (firstRow = null) then
            Table.FromRows({})
    // check for empty first table
        else if (Table.IsEmpty(firstRow[Column1])) then
            firstRow[Column1]
        else
            Value.ReplaceType(
                Table.ExpandTableColumn(tableOfPages, "Column1", Table.ColumnNames(firstRow[Column1])),
                Value.Type(firstRow[Column1])
            );

其他注意事項

  • getNextPage 式需要擷取下一個頁面 URL(或頁碼,或是用來實作分頁邏輯的任何其他值)。 此程式通常是在傳回之前,將值新增 meta 至頁面來完成。
  • 合併數據表的數據行和數據表類型(也就是所有頁面在一起)都是衍生自數據的第一頁。 函 getNextPage 式應該將每個數據頁面正規化。
  • 的第一次呼叫 getNextPage 會接收 Null 參數。
  • getNextPage 沒有剩餘的頁面時,必須傳回 null。

您可以在 GitHub 範例和 TripPin 分頁範例中找到使用此函式的範例。

Github.PagedTable = (url as text) => Table.GenerateByPage((previous) =>
    let
        // If we have a previous page, get its Next link from metadata on the page.
        next = if (previous <> null) then Value.Metadata(previous)[Next] else null,
        // If we have a next link, use it, otherwise use the original URL that was passed in.
        urlToUse = if (next <> null) then next else url,
        // If we have a previous page, but don't have a next link, then we're done paging.
        // Otherwise retrieve the next page.
        current = if (previous <> null and next = null) then null else Github.Contents(urlToUse),
        // If we got data back from the current page, get the link for the next page
        link = if (current <> null) then Value.Metadata(current)[Next] else null
    in
        current meta [Next=link]);

SchemaTransformTable

EnforceSchema.Strict = 1;               // Add any missing columns, remove extra columns, set table type
EnforceSchema.IgnoreExtraColumns = 2;   // Add missing columns, don't remove extra columns
EnforceSchema.IgnoreMissingColumns = 3; // Don't add or remove columns

SchemaTransformTable = (table as table, schema as table, optional enforceSchema as number) as table =>
    let
        // Default to EnforceSchema.Strict
        _enforceSchema = if (enforceSchema <> null) then enforceSchema else EnforceSchema.Strict,

        // Applies type transforms to a given table
        EnforceTypes = (table as table, schema as table) as table =>
            let
                map = (t) => if Type.Is(t, type list) or Type.Is(t, type record) or t = type any then null else t,
                mapped = Table.TransformColumns(schema, {"Type", map}),
                omitted = Table.SelectRows(mapped, each [Type] <> null),
                existingColumns = Table.ColumnNames(table),
                removeMissing = Table.SelectRows(omitted, each List.Contains(existingColumns, [Name])),
                primativeTransforms = Table.ToRows(removeMissing),
                changedPrimatives = Table.TransformColumnTypes(table, primativeTransforms)
            in
                changedPrimatives,

        // Returns the table type for a given schema
        SchemaToTableType = (schema as table) as type =>
            let
                toList = List.Transform(schema[Type], (t) => [Type=t, Optional=false]),
                toRecord = Record.FromList(toList, schema[Name]),
                toType = Type.ForRecord(toRecord, false)
            in
                type table (toType),

        // Determine if we have extra/missing columns.
        // The enforceSchema parameter determines what we do about them.
        schemaNames = schema[Name],
        foundNames = Table.ColumnNames(table),
        addNames = List.RemoveItems(schemaNames, foundNames),
        extraNames = List.RemoveItems(foundNames, schemaNames),
        tmp = Text.NewGuid(),
        added = Table.AddColumn(table, tmp, each []),
        expanded = Table.ExpandRecordColumn(added, tmp, addNames),
        result = if List.IsEmpty(addNames) then table else expanded,
        fullList =
            if (_enforceSchema = EnforceSchema.Strict) then
                schemaNames
            else if (_enforceSchema = EnforceSchema.IgnoreMissingColumns) then
                foundNames
            else
                schemaNames & extraNames,

        // Select the final list of columns.
        // These are ordered according to the schema table.
        reordered = Table.SelectColumns(result, fullList, MissingField.Ignore),
        enforcedTypes = EnforceTypes(reordered, schema),
        withType = if (_enforceSchema = EnforceSchema.Strict) then Value.ReplaceType(enforcedTypes, SchemaToTableType(schema)) else enforcedTypes
    in
        withType;

Table.ChangeType

let
    // table should be an actual Table.Type, or a List.Type of Records
    Table.ChangeType = (table, tableType as type) as nullable table =>
        // we only operate on table types
        if (not Type.Is(tableType, type table)) then error "type argument should be a table type" else
        // if we have a null value, just return it
        if (table = null) then table else
        let
            columnsForType = Type.RecordFields(Type.TableRow(tableType)),
            columnsAsTable = Record.ToTable(columnsForType),
            schema = Table.ExpandRecordColumn(columnsAsTable, "Value", {"Type"}, {"Type"}),
            previousMeta = Value.Metadata(tableType),

            // make sure we have a table
            parameterType = Value.Type(table),
            _table =
                if (Type.Is(parameterType, type table)) then table
                else if (Type.Is(parameterType, type list)) then
                    let
                        asTable = Table.FromList(table, Splitter.SplitByNothing(), {"Column1"}),
                        firstValueType = Value.Type(Table.FirstValue(asTable, null)),
                        result =
                            // if the member is a record (as expected), then expand it. 
                            if (Type.Is(firstValueType, type record)) then
                                Table.ExpandRecordColumn(asTable, "Column1", schema[Name])
                            else
                                error Error.Record("Error.Parameter", "table argument is a list, but not a list of records", [ ValueType = firstValueType ])
                    in
                        if (List.IsEmpty(table)) then
                            #table({"a"}, {})
                        else result
                else
                    error Error.Record("Error.Parameter", "table argument should be a table or list of records", [ValueType = parameterType]),

            reordered = Table.SelectColumns(_table, schema[Name], MissingField.UseNull),

            // process primitive values - this calls Table.TransformColumnTypes
            map = (t) => if Type.Is(t, type table) or Type.Is(t, type list) or Type.Is(t, type record) or t = type any then null else t,        
            mapped = Table.TransformColumns(schema, {"Type", map}),
            omitted = Table.SelectRows(mapped, each [Type] <> null),
            existingColumns = Table.ColumnNames(reordered),
            removeMissing = Table.SelectRows(omitted, each List.Contains(existingColumns, [Name])),
            primativeTransforms = Table.ToRows(removeMissing),
            changedPrimatives = Table.TransformColumnTypes(reordered, primativeTransforms),
        
            // Get the list of transforms we use for Record types
            recordColumns = Table.SelectRows(schema, each Type.Is([Type], type record)),
            recordTypeTransformations = Table.AddColumn(recordColumns, "RecordTransformations", each (r) => Record.ChangeType(r, [Type]), type function),
            recordChanges = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(recordTypeTransformations, {"Name", "RecordTransformations"})),

            // Get the list of transforms we use for List types
            listColumns = Table.SelectRows(schema, each Type.Is([Type], type list)),
            listTransforms = Table.AddColumn(listColumns, "ListTransformations", each (t) => List.ChangeType(t, [Type]), Function.Type),
            listChanges = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(listTransforms, {"Name", "ListTransformations"})),

            // Get the list of transforms we use for Table types
            tableColumns = Table.SelectRows(schema, each Type.Is([Type], type table)),
            tableTransforms = Table.AddColumn(tableColumns, "TableTransformations", each (t) => @Table.ChangeType(t, [Type]), Function.Type),
            tableChanges = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(tableTransforms, {"Name", "TableTransformations"})),

            // Perform all of our transformations
            allColumnTransforms = recordChanges & listChanges & tableChanges,
            changedRecordTypes = if (List.IsEmpty(allColumnTransforms)) then changedPrimatives else Table.TransformColumns(changedPrimatives, allColumnTransforms, null, MissingField.Ignore),

            // set final type
            withType = Value.ReplaceType(changedRecordTypes, tableType)
        in
            if (List.IsEmpty(Record.FieldNames(columnsForType))) then table else withType meta previousMeta,

    // If given a generic record type (no predefined fields), the original record is returned
    Record.ChangeType = (record as record, recordType as type) =>
        let
            // record field format is [ fieldName = [ Type = type, Optional = logical], ... ]
            fields = try Type.RecordFields(recordType) otherwise error "Record.ChangeType: failed to get record fields. Is this a record type?",
            fieldNames = Record.FieldNames(fields),
            fieldTable = Record.ToTable(fields),
            optionalFields = Table.SelectRows(fieldTable, each [Value][Optional])[Name],
            requiredFields = List.Difference(fieldNames, optionalFields),
            // make sure all required fields exist
            withRequired = Record.SelectFields(record, requiredFields, MissingField.UseNull),
            // append optional fields
            withOptional = withRequired & Record.SelectFields(record, optionalFields, MissingField.Ignore),
            // set types
            transforms = GetTransformsForType(recordType),
            withTypes = Record.TransformFields(withOptional, transforms, MissingField.Ignore),
            // order the same as the record type
            reorder = Record.ReorderFields(withTypes, fieldNames, MissingField.Ignore)
        in
            if (List.IsEmpty(fieldNames)) then record else reorder,

    List.ChangeType = (list as list, listType as type) =>
        if (not Type.Is(listType, type list)) then error "type argument should be a list type" else
        let
            listItemType = Type.ListItem(listType),
            transform = GetTransformByType(listItemType),
            modifiedValues = List.Transform(list, transform),
            typed = Value.ReplaceType(modifiedValues, listType)
        in
            typed,

    // Returns a table type for the provided schema table
    Schema.ToTableType = (schema as table) as type =>
        let
            toList = List.Transform(schema[Type], (t) => [Type=t, Optional=false]),
            toRecord = Record.FromList(toList, schema[Name]),
            toType = Type.ForRecord(toRecord, false),
            previousMeta = Value.Metadata(schema)
        in
            type table (toType) meta previousMeta,

    // Returns a list of transformations that can be passed to Table.TransformColumns, or Record.TransformFields
    // Format: {"Column", (f) => ...} .... ex: {"A", Number.From}
    GetTransformsForType = (_type as type) as list =>
        let
            fieldsOrColumns = if (Type.Is(_type, type record)) then Type.RecordFields(_type)
                            else if (Type.Is(_type, type table)) then Type.RecordFields(Type.TableRow(_type))
                            else error "GetTransformsForType: record or table type expected",
            toTable = Record.ToTable(fieldsOrColumns),
            transformColumn = Table.AddColumn(toTable, "Transform", each GetTransformByType([Value][Type]), Function.Type),
            transformMap = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(transformColumn, {"Name", "Transform"}))
        in
            transformMap,

    GetTransformByType = (_type as type) as function =>
                if (Type.Is(_type, type number)) then Number.From
        else if (Type.Is(_type, type text)) then Text.From
        else if (Type.Is(_type, type date)) then Date.From
        else if (Type.Is(_type, type datetime)) then DateTime.From
        else if (Type.Is(_type, type duration)) then Duration.From
        else if (Type.Is(_type, type datetimezone)) then DateTimeZone.From
        else if (Type.Is(_type, type logical)) then Logical.From
        else if (Type.Is(_type, type time)) then Time.From
        else if (Type.Is(_type, type record)) then (t) => if (t <> null) then @Record.ChangeType(t, _type) else t
        else if (Type.Is(_type, type table)) then (t) => if (t <> null) then @Table.ChangeType(t, _type) else t
        else if (Type.Is(_type, type list)) then (t) => if (t <> null) then @List.ChangeType(t, _type) else t
        else (t) => t
in
    Table.ChangeType