瀏覽歷程記錄和向後流覽 - UWP applications

重要 API： Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Frame 類別、 Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Page 類別、 Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation 命名空間、 OnNavigatedTo

若要在應用程式中實作向後流覽，請將返回按鈕放在應用程式 UI 左上角。用戶預期返回按鈕會巡覽至應用程式瀏覽歷程記錄中的上一個位置。根據預設， Frame 控件會記錄其 BackStack 和 ForwardStack 中的瀏覽動作。不過，您可以修改哪些瀏覽動作會新增至瀏覽歷程記錄。

對於擁有多個頁面的大部分應用程式，建議您使用 NavigationView 控件來提供應用程式的瀏覽架構。它適應各種螢幕大小，並支援頂端和左側瀏覽樣式。如果您的應用程式使用 NavigationView 控制件，那麼您就可以使用 NavigationView 的內建返回按鈕。

備註

當您實作導覽而不使用 NavigationView 控件時，應該使用本文中的指導方針和範例。如果您使用 NavigationView，此資訊會提供實用的背景知識，但您應該使用 NavigationView 文章中的特定指引和範例

返回按鈕

若要建立返回按鈕，請使用具有樣式的 Button 控件 NavigationBackButtonNormalStyle ，並將按鈕放在應用程式 UI 左上角（如需詳細資訊，請參閱下面的 XAML 程式代碼範例）。

應用程式 UI 左上角的 [上一頁] 按鈕

<Page>
    <Grid>
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>

        <Button x:Name="BackButton"
                Style="{StaticResource NavigationBackButtonNormalStyle}"
                IsEnabled="{x:Bind Frame.CanGoBack, Mode=OneWay}" 
                ToolTipService.ToolTip="Back"/>

    </Grid>
</Page>

如果您的應用程式有頂端 CommandBar，請將 Button 控件放在 CommandBar.Content 區域中。

<Page>
    <Grid>
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        
        <CommandBar>
            <CommandBar.Content>
                <Button x:Name="BackButton"
                        Style="{StaticResource NavigationBackButtonNormalStyle}"
                        IsEnabled="{x:Bind Frame.CanGoBack, Mode=OneWay}" 
                        ToolTipService.ToolTip="Back" 
                        VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
            </CommandBar.Content>
        
            <AppBarButton Icon="Delete" Label="Delete"/>
            <AppBarButton Icon="Save" Label="Save"/>
        </CommandBar>
    </Grid>
</Page>

為了減少應用程式中 UI 元素的移動，當返回堆疊中沒有任何項目時，請顯示已停用的返回按鈕（IsEnabled="{x:Bind Frame.CanGoBack, Mode=OneWay}"）。不過，如果您預期應用程式永遠不會有後台堆疊，則完全不需要顯示 [上一頁] 按鈕。

「返回」按鈕狀態

針對不同的裝置和輸入進行優化

此向後瀏覽設計指導方針適用於所有裝置，但如果您針對不同的尺寸和輸入方法優化，您的使用者將會受益。我們建議處理下列事件（除了返回按鈕 Click 之外），以支援最常見的返回瀏覽輸入。

事件	輸入
核心調度器.加速鍵激活	Alt+左箭頭 VirtualKey.GoBack
SystemNavigationManager.BackRequested	Windows + Backspace、遊戲控制器 B 按鈕平板電腦模式返回按鈕，硬體返回按鈕
CoreWindow.PointerPressed	VirtualKey.XButton1 （如在一些滑鼠上找到的返回按鈕。）

程式碼範例

本節示範如何使用各種輸入來處理返回流覽。

您至少必須處理返回按鈕 Click 事件，並提供程式碼來執行返回流覽。當backstack是空的時，您也應該停用返回按鈕。

此範例程式代碼示範如何使用返回按鈕來實作向後瀏覽行為。程式碼會回應按鈕點擊事件來進行導覽。 [上一頁] 按鈕在 OnNavigatedTo 方法中被啟用或停用，此方法在流覽至新頁面時被呼叫。

代碼顯示為 MainPage，但您應將該代碼新增到每個支援返回功能的頁面。若要避免重複，您可以將導覽相關程式代碼放在 App 程式代碼後置頁面中的 App.xaml.* 類別中。

<!-- MainPage.xaml -->
<Page x:Class="AppName.MainPage">
...
        <Button x:Name="BackButton" Click="BackButton_Click"
                Style="{StaticResource NavigationBackButtonNormalStyle}"
                IsEnabled="{x:Bind Frame.CanGoBack, Mode=OneWay}" 
                ToolTipService.ToolTip="Back"/>
...
<Page/>

後置程式碼

// MainPage.xaml.cs
private void BackButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    App.TryGoBack();
}

// App.xaml.cs
//
// Add this method to the App class.
public static bool TryGoBack()
{
    Frame rootFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame;
    if (rootFrame.CanGoBack)
    {
        rootFrame.GoBack();
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

// MainPage.h
#include "App.h"

namespace winrt::AppName::implementation
{
    struct MainPage : MainPageT<MainPage>
    {
        MainPage();
 
        void MainPage::BackButton_Click(IInspectable const&, RoutedEventArgs const&)
        {
            App::TryGoBack();
        }
    };
}

// App.h
#include "winrt/Windows.UI.Core.h"
#include "winrt/Windows.System.h"
#include "winrt/Windows.UI.Input.h"
#include "winrt/Windows.UI.Xaml.Input.h"
 
using namespace winrt;
using namespace Windows::Foundation;
using namespace Windows::UI::Core;
using namespace Windows::UI::Input;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml::Controls;

struct App : AppT<App>
{
    App();

    // ...

    // Perform back navigation if possible.
    static bool TryGoBack()
    {
        Frame rootFrame{ nullptr };
        auto content = Window::Current().Content();
        if (content)
        {
            rootFrame = content.try_as<Frame>();
            if (rootFrame.CanGoBack())
            {
                rootFrame.GoBack();
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
};

支援存取金鑰

鍵盤支援是確保應用程式適用於具有不同技能、能力和期望的使用者不可或缺的一項。我們建議您支援前進和返回導覽的加速鍵，因為依賴這些鍵的用戶會預期兩者。如需詳細資訊，請參閱鍵盤互動和鍵盤快捷鍵。

向前和向後瀏覽的常見快速鍵是 Alt+向右鍵（正向）和 Alt+向左鍵（返回）。要支援這些鍵進行導覽，請處理 CoreDispatcher.AcceleratorKeyActivated 事件。您處理直接在視窗上的事件（而不是頁面上的元素），讓應用程式不論哪個元素處於焦點狀態，都能回應快捷鍵。

將程式代碼新增至 App 類別，以支援快捷鍵和向前導航，如下所示。（這假設先前支援返回按鈕的程式代碼已經新增。您可以在程式代碼範例一節結尾看到所有 App 程式代碼。

// App.xaml.cs
// Add event handler in OnLaunched.
protected override void OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == null)
    {
        // ...
        // rootFrame.NavigationFailed += OnNavigationFailed;

        // Add support for accelerator keys. 
        // Listen to the window directly so the app responds
        // to accelerator keys regardless of which element has focus.
        Window.Current.CoreWindow.Dispatcher.AcceleratorKeyActivated +=
            CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated;

        // ...

    }
}

// ...

// Add this code after the TryGoBack method added previously.
// Perform forward navigation if possible.
private bool TryGoForward()
{
    Frame rootFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame;
    if (rootFrame.CanGoForward)
    {
        rootFrame.GoForward();
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

// Invoked on every keystroke, including system keys such as Alt key combinations.
// Used to detect keyboard navigation between pages even when the page itself
// doesn't have focus.
private void CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated(CoreDispatcher sender, AcceleratorKeyEventArgs e)
{
    // When Alt+Left are pressed navigate back.
    // When Alt+Right are pressed navigate forward.
    if (e.EventType == CoreAcceleratorKeyEventType.SystemKeyDown
        && (e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Left || e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Right)
        && e.KeyStatus.IsMenuKeyDown == true
        && !e.Handled)
    {
        if (e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Left)
        {
            e.Handled = TryGoBack();
        }
        else if (e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Right)
        {
            e.Handled = TryGoForward();
        }
    }
}

// App.cpp
void App::OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs const& e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == nullptr)
    {
        // ...
        // rootFrame.NavigationFailed({ this, &App::OnNavigationFailed });

        // Add support for accelerator keys. 
        // Listen to the window directly so the app responds
        // to accelerator keys regardless of which element has focus.
        Window::Current().CoreWindow().Dispatcher().
            AcceleratorKeyActivated({ this, &App::CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated });

        // ...
    }
}

// App.h
struct App : AppT<App>
{
    App();

    // ...
    // Add this code after the TryGoBack method added previously.

private:
    // Perform forward navigation if possible.
    bool TryGoForward()
    {
        Frame rootFrame{ nullptr };
        auto content = Window::Current().Content();
        if (content)
        {
            rootFrame = content.try_as<Frame>();
            if (rootFrame.CanGoForward())
            {
                rootFrame.GoForward();
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
 
 
    // Invoked on every keystroke, including system keys such as Alt key combinations.
    // Used to detect keyboard navigation between pages even when the page itself
    // doesn't have focus.
    void CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated(CoreDispatcher const& /* sender */, AcceleratorKeyEventArgs const& e)
    {
        // When Alt+Left are pressed navigate back.
        // When Alt+Right are pressed navigate forward.
        if (e.EventType() == CoreAcceleratorKeyEventType::SystemKeyDown
            && (e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Left || e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Right)
            && e.KeyStatus().IsMenuKeyDown
            && !e.Handled())
        {
            if (e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Left)
            {
                e.Handled(TryGoBack());
            }
            else if (e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Right)
            {
                e.Handled(TryGoForward());
            }
        }
    }
};

處理系統備份要求

Windows 裝置提供各種方式，讓系統可以將返回流覽要求傳遞至您的應用程式。一些常見的方式是遊戲板上的 B 按鈕、Windows 鍵 + Backspace 鍵快捷方式，或平板電腦模式中的系統返回按鈕;可用的確切選項取決於裝置。

您可以註冊 SystemNavigationManager.BackRequested 事件的接聽程式，以支援從硬體和軟體系統備份密鑰提供的系統備份要求。

以下是新增至 App 類別的程式代碼，以支援系統提供的返回請求。（這假設先前支援返回按鈕的程式代碼已經新增。您可以在程式代碼範例一節結尾看到所有 App 程式代碼。

// App.xaml.cs
// Add event handler in OnLaunced.
protected override void OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == null)
    {
        // ...
        // Add support for accelerator keys. 
        // ... (Previously added code.)

        // Add support for system back requests. 
        SystemNavigationManager.GetForCurrentView().BackRequested 
            += System_BackRequested;

        // ...

    }
}

// ...
// Handle system back requests.
private void System_BackRequested(object sender, BackRequestedEventArgs e)
{
    if (!e.Handled)
    {
        e.Handled = TryGoBack();
    }
}

// App.cpp
void App::OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs const& e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == nullptr)
    {
        // ...
        // Add support for accelerator keys. 
        // ... (Previously added code.)

        // Add support for system back requests. 
        SystemNavigationManager::GetForCurrentView().
            BackRequested({ this, &App::System_BackRequested });

        // ...
    }
}

// App.h
struct App : AppT<App>
{
    App();

    // ...

private:
    // ...

    // Handle system back requests.
    void System_BackRequested(IInspectable const& /* sender */, BackRequestedEventArgs const& e)
    {
        if (!e.Handled())
        {
            e.Handled(TryGoBack());
        }
    }
};

向後相容性的系統返回操作

先前，UWP app 使用 SystemNavigationManager.AppViewBackButtonVisibility 來顯示或隱藏系統返回按鈕以進行向後流覽。（此按鈕會引發 SystemNavigationManager.BackRequested 事件。此 API 將繼續受到支援，以確保回溯相容性，但我們不再建議使用 AppViewBackButtonVisibility公開的 [上一頁] 按鈕。相反地，您應該提供您自己的應用程式內返回按鈕，如本文所述。

如果您繼續使用 AppViewBackButtonVisibility，那麼系統 UI 會在標題欄內顯示系統返回按鈕。 (返回按鈕的外觀和用戶互動與之前的版本保持不變。)

某些滑鼠提供用於向前和返回瀏覽的硬體瀏覽按鈕。您可以透過處理 CoreWindow.PointerPressed 事件，來支持這些滑鼠按鈕，並檢查 IsXButton1Pressed （back）或 IsXButton2Pressed （forward）的狀態。

以下是新增至類別以支援 App 滑鼠按鈕瀏覽的程序代碼。（這假設先前支援返回按鈕的程式代碼已經新增。您可以在程式代碼範例一節結尾看到所有 App 程式代碼。

// App.xaml.cs
// Add event handler in OnLaunced.
protected override void OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == null)
    {
        // ...
        // Add support for system back requests. 
        // ... (Previously added code.)

        // Add support for mouse navigation buttons. 
        Window.Current.CoreWindow.PointerPressed += CoreWindow_PointerPressed;

        // ...

    }
}

// ...

// Handle mouse back button.
private void CoreWindow_PointerPressed(CoreWindow sender, PointerEventArgs e)
{
    // For this event, e.Handled arrives as 'true'.
    if (e.CurrentPoint.Properties.IsXButton1Pressed)
    {
        e.Handled = !TryGoBack();
    }
    else if (e.CurrentPoint.Properties.IsXButton2Pressed)
    {
        e.Handled = !TryGoForward();
    }
}

// App.cpp
void App::OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs const& e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == nullptr)
    {
        // ...
        // Add support for system back requests. 
        // ... (Previously added code.)

        // Add support for mouse navigation buttons. 
        Window::Current().CoreWindow().
            PointerPressed({ this, &App::CoreWindow_PointerPressed });

        // ...
    }
}

// App.h
struct App : AppT<App>
{
    App();

    // ...

private:
    // ...

    // Handle mouse forward and back buttons.
    void CoreWindow_PointerPressed(CoreWindow const& /* sender */, PointerEventArgs const& e)
    {
        // For this event, e.Handled arrives as 'true'. 
        if (e.CurrentPoint().Properties().IsXButton1Pressed())
        {
            e.Handled(!TryGoBack());
        }
        else if (e.CurrentPoint().Properties().IsXButton2Pressed())
        {
            e.Handled(!TryGoForward());
        }
    }
};

所有新增至 App 類別的程式代碼

// App.xaml.cs
//
// (Add event handlers in OnLaunched override.)
protected override void OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == null)
    {
        // ...
        // rootFrame.NavigationFailed += OnNavigationFailed;

        // Add support for accelerator keys. 
        // Listen to the window directly so the app responds
        // to accelerator keys regardless of which element has focus.
        Window.Current.CoreWindow.Dispatcher.AcceleratorKeyActivated +=
            CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated;

        // Add support for system back requests. 
        SystemNavigationManager.GetForCurrentView().BackRequested 
            += System_BackRequested;

        // Add support for mouse navigation buttons. 
        Window.Current.CoreWindow.PointerPressed += CoreWindow_PointerPressed;

        // ...

    }
}

// ...

// (Add these methods to the App class.)
public static bool TryGoBack()
{
    Frame rootFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame;
    if (rootFrame.CanGoBack)
    {
        rootFrame.GoBack();
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

// Perform forward navigation if possible.
private bool TryGoForward()
{
    Frame rootFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame;
    if (rootFrame.CanGoForward)
    {
        rootFrame.GoForward();
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

// Invoked on every keystroke, including system keys such as Alt key combinations.
// Used to detect keyboard navigation between pages even when the page itself
// doesn't have focus.
private void CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated(CoreDispatcher sender, AcceleratorKeyEventArgs e)
{
    // When Alt+Left are pressed navigate back.
    // When Alt+Right are pressed navigate forward.
    if (e.EventType == CoreAcceleratorKeyEventType.SystemKeyDown
        && (e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Left || e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Right)
        && e.KeyStatus.IsMenuKeyDown == true
        && !e.Handled)
    {
        if (e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Left)
        {
            e.Handled = TryGoBack();
        }
        else if (e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Right)
        {
            e.Handled = TryGoForward();
        }
    }
}

// Handle system back requests.
private void System_BackRequested(object sender, BackRequestedEventArgs e)
{
    if (!e.Handled)
    {
        e.Handled = TryGoBack();
    }
}

// Handle mouse back button.
private void CoreWindow_PointerPressed(CoreWindow sender, PointerEventArgs e)
{
    // For this event, e.Handled arrives as 'true'.
    if (e.CurrentPoint.Properties.IsXButton1Pressed)
    {
        e.Handled = !TryGoBack();
    }
    else if (e.CurrentPoint.Properties.IsXButton2Pressed)
    {
        e.Handled = !TryGoForward();
    }
}

// App.cpp
void App::OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs const& e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == nullptr)
    {
        // ...
        // rootFrame.NavigationFailed({ this, &App::OnNavigationFailed });

        // Add support for accelerator keys. 
        // Listen to the window directly so the app responds
        // to accelerator keys regardless of which element has focus.
        Window::Current().CoreWindow().Dispatcher().
            AcceleratorKeyActivated({ this, &App::CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated });

        // Add support for system back requests. 
        SystemNavigationManager::GetForCurrentView().
            BackRequested({ this, &App::System_BackRequested });

        // Add support for mouse navigation buttons. 
        Window::Current().CoreWindow().
            PointerPressed({ this, &App::CoreWindow_PointerPressed });

        // ...
    }
}

// App.h
#include "winrt/Windows.UI.Core.h"
#include "winrt/Windows.System.h"
#include "winrt/Windows.UI.Input.h"
#include "winrt/Windows.UI.Xaml.Input.h"
 
using namespace winrt;
using namespace Windows::Foundation;
using namespace Windows::UI::Core;
using namespace Windows::UI::Input;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml::Controls;

struct App : AppT<App>
{
    App();

    // ...

    // Perform back navigation if possible.
    static bool TryGoBack()
    {
        Frame rootFrame{ nullptr };
        auto content = Window::Current().Content();
        if (content)
        {
            rootFrame = content.try_as<Frame>();
            if (rootFrame.CanGoBack())
            {
                rootFrame.GoBack();
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
private:
    // Perform forward navigation if possible.
    bool TryGoForward()
    {
        Frame rootFrame{ nullptr };
        auto content = Window::Current().Content();
        if (content)
        {
            rootFrame = content.try_as<Frame>();
            if (rootFrame.CanGoForward())
            {
                rootFrame.GoForward();
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
  
    // Invoked on every keystroke, including system keys such as Alt key combinations.
    // Used to detect keyboard navigation between pages even when the page itself
    // doesn't have focus.
    void CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated(CoreDispatcher const& /* sender */, AcceleratorKeyEventArgs const& e)
    {
        // When Alt+Left are pressed navigate back.
        // When Alt+Right are pressed navigate forward.
        if (e.EventType() == CoreAcceleratorKeyEventType::SystemKeyDown
            && (e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Left || e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Right)
            && e.KeyStatus().IsMenuKeyDown
            && !e.Handled())
        {
            if (e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Left)
            {
                e.Handled(TryGoBack());
            }
            else if (e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Right)
            {
                e.Handled(TryGoForward());
            }
        }
    }

    // Handle system back requests.
    void System_BackRequested(IInspectable const& /* sender */, BackRequestedEventArgs const& e)
    {
        if (!e.Handled())
        {
            e.Handled(TryGoBack());
        }
    }

    // Handle mouse forward and back buttons.
    void CoreWindow_PointerPressed(CoreWindow const& /* sender */, PointerEventArgs const& e)
    {
        // For this event, e.Handled arrives as 'true'. 
        if (e.CurrentPoint().Properties().IsXButton1Pressed())
        {
            e.Handled(!TryGoBack());
        }
        else if (e.CurrentPoint().Properties().IsXButton2Pressed())
        {
            e.Handled(!TryGoForward());
        }
    }
};

繼續中

當使用者切換至另一個應用程式並返回您的應用程式時，建議您返回瀏覽歷程記錄中的最後一頁。

導航基本知識

意見反應

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Last updated on 2025-06-10

共用方式為

UWP 應用程式的返回導航

返回按鈕

針對不同的裝置和輸入進行優化

程式碼範例

上一頁按鈕和返回導航

支援存取金鑰

處理系統備份要求

向後相容性的系統返回操作

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