Navne på malware

Artikel
04/26/2024

Vi navngiver malware og uønsket software, som vi registrerer i henhold til navngivningsskemaet for computer antivirusforskningsorganisation (CARO). Skemaet har følgende format:

Sådan bestemmer Microsoft navne for malware

Når vores analytikere undersøger en bestemt trussel, bestemmer de, hvad hvert af komponenternes navn er.

Type

Beskriver, hvad malwaren gør på din computer. Orme, virus, trojanske heste, bagdøre og ransomware er nogle af de mest almindelige typer malware.

* Adware
* Backdoor
* Behavior
* BrowserModifier
* Constructor
* DDoS
* Exploit
* HackTool
* Joke
* Misleading
* MonitoringTool
* Program
* Personal Web Server (PWS)
* Ransom
* RemoteAccess
* Rogue
* SettingsModifier
* SoftwareBundler
* Spammer
* Spoofer
* Spyware
* Tool
* Trojan
* TrojanClicker
* TrojanDownloader
* TrojanNotifier
* TrojanProxy
* TrojanSpy
* VirTool
* Virus
* Worm

Platforme

Platforme guider malwaren til det kompatible operativsystem (f.eks. Windows, macOS og Android). Platformens vejledning bruges også til programmeringssprog og filformater.

Operativsystemer

* AndroidOS: Android operating system
* DOS: MS-DOS platform
* EPOC: Psion devices
* FreeBSD: FreeBSD platform
* iOS: iPhone operating system
* Linux: Linux platform
* macOS: MAC 9.x platform or earlier
* macOS_X: macOS X or later
* OS2: OS2 platform
* Palm: Palm operating system
* Solaris: System V-based Unix platforms
* SunOS: Unix platforms 4.1.3 or lower
* SymbOS: Symbian operating system
* Unix: general Unix platforms
* Win16: Win16 (3.1) platform
* Win2K: Windows 2000 platform
* Win32: Windows 32-bit platform
* Win64: Windows 64-bit platform
* Win95: Windows 95, 98 and ME platforms
* Win98: Windows 98 platform only
* WinCE: Windows CE platform
* WinNT: WinNT

Scriptsprog

* ABAP: Advanced Business Application Programming scripts
* ALisp: ALisp scripts
* AmiPro: AmiPro script
* ANSI: American National Standards Institute scripts
* AppleScript: compiled Apple scripts
* ASP: Active Server Pages scripts
* AutoIt: AutoIT scripts
* BAS: Basic scripts
* BAT: Basic scripts
* CorelScript: Corelscript scripts
* HTA: HTML Application scripts
* HTML: HTML Application scripts
* INF: Install scripts
* IRC: mIRC/pIRC scripts
* Java: Java binaries (classes)
* JS: JavaScript scripts
* LOGO: LOGO scripts
* MPB: MapBasic scripts
* MSH: Monad shell scripts
* MSIL: .NET intermediate language scripts
* Perl: Perl scripts
* PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor scripts
* Python: Python scripts
* SAP: SAP platform scripts
* SH: Shell scripts
* VBA: Visual Basic for Applications scripts
* VBS: Visual Basic scripts
* WinBAT: Winbatch scripts
* WinHlp: Windows Help scripts
* WinREG: Windows registry scripts

Makroer

* A97M: Access 97, 2000, XP, 2003, 2007, and 2010 macros
* HE: macro scripting
* O97M: Office 97, 2000, XP, 2003, 2007, and 2010 macros - those that affect Word, Excel, and PowerPoint
* PP97M: PowerPoint 97, 2000, XP, 2003, 2007, and 2010 macros
* V5M: Visio5 macros
* W1M: Word1Macro
* W2M: Word2Macro
* W97M: Word 97, 2000, XP, 2003, 2007, and 2010 macros
* WM: Word 95 macros
* X97M: Excel 97, 2000, XP, 2003, 2007, and 2010 macros
* XF: Excel formulas
* XM: Excel 95 macros

Andre filtyper

* ASX: XML metafile of Windows Media .asf files
* HC: HyperCard Apple scripts
* MIME: MIME packets
* Netware: Novell Netware files
* QT: Quicktime files
* SB: StarBasic (StarOffice XML) files
* SWF: Shockwave Flash files
* TSQL: MS SQL server files
* XML: XML files

Familie

Gruppering af malware baseret på fælles egenskaber, herunder tilskrivning til de samme forfattere. Udbydere af sikkerhedssoftware bruger nogle gange forskellige navne til den samme malwarefamilie.

Variantbogstav

Bruges sekventielt til hver enkelt version af en malwarefamilie. Registreringen af varianten ".AF" ville f.eks . være oprettet efter registreringen af varianten ". AE".

Suffikser

Indeholder ekstra oplysninger om malwaren, herunder hvordan den bruges som en del af en multikomponenttrussel. I det foregående eksempel angiver "!lnk" , at trusselskomponenten er en genvejsfil, der bruges af Trojan: Win32/Reveton.T.

* .dam: damaged malware
* .dll: Dynamic Link Library component of a malware
* .dr: dropper component of a malware
* .gen: malware that is detected using a generic signature
* .kit: virus constructor
* .ldr: loader component of a malware
* .pak: compressed malware
* .plugin: plug-in component
* .remnants: remnants of a virus
* .worm: worm component of that malware
* !bit: an internal category used to refer to some threats
* !cl: an internal category used to refer to some threats
* !dha: an internal category used to refer to some threats
* !pfn: an internal category used to refer to some threats
* !plock: an internal category used to refer to some threats
* !rfn: an internal category used to refer to some threats
* !rootkit: rootkit component of that malware
* @m: worm mailers
* @mm: mass mailer worm

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