Exchange Online Protection overview

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Exchange Online Protection (EOP) is the cloud-based filtering service that protects your organization against spam, malware, phishing and other email threats. EOP is included in all Microsoft 365 organizations that have Exchange Online mailboxes.

Tip

EOP is also available by itself to protect on-premises mailboxes and in hybrid environments to protect on-premises Exchange mailboxes. For more information, see Standalone Exchange Online Protection.

You can sign up for an EOP trial and get pricing information at the Exchange Online Protection home page.

EOP protection is on by default thanks to the default policies for:

These default policies apply to all recipients by default and can't be turned off, but they can be overridden by preset security policies or custom policies that you create.

You can customize the security settings in the default policies, create custom policies, or better yet, turn on and add all recipients to the Standard and/or Strict preset security policies. For complete information, see Configure protection policies.

The rest of this article explains how EOP works and the features that are available in EOP.

How EOP works

To understand how EOP works, it helps to see how it processes incoming email:

Graphic of email from the internet or Customer feedback passing into EOP and through the Connection, Anti-malware, Mailflow Rules-slash-Policy Filtering, and Content Filtering, before the verdict of either junk mail or quarantine, or end user mail delivery

  1. When an incoming message enters EOP, it initially passes through connection filtering, which checks the sender's reputation. Most spam is stopped at this point and rejected by EOP. For more information, see Configure connection filtering.

  2. Then the message is inspected for malware. If malware is found in the message or a message attachment, the message is delivered to quarantine. By default, only admins can view and interact with malware quarantined messages. But, admins can create and use quarantine policies to specify what users are allowed to do to quarantined messages. To learn more about malware protection, see Anti-malware protection in EOP.

  3. The message continues through policy filtering, where it's evaluated against any mail flow rules (also known as transport rules) that you've created. For example, a rule can send a notification to a manager when a message arrives from a specific sender.

    In on-premises organization with Exchange Enterprise CAL with Services licenses, Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention (DLP) checks in EOP also happen at this point.

  4. The message passes through content filtering (anti-spam and anti-spoofing) where harmful messages are identified as spam, high confidence spam, phishing, high confidence phishing, or bulk (anti-spam policies) or spoofing (spoof settings in anti-phishing policies). You can configure the action to take on the message based on the filtering verdict (quarantine, move to the Junk Email folder, etc.), and what users can do to the quarantined messages using quarantine policies. For more information, see Configure anti-spam policies and Configure anti-phishing policies in EOP.

A message that successfully passes all of these protection layers is delivered to the recipients.

For more information, see Order and precedence of email protection.

EOP datacenters

EOP runs on a worldwide network of datacenters that are designed to provide the best availability. For example, if a datacenter becomes unavailable, email messages are automatically routed to another datacenter without any interruption in service. Servers in each datacenter accept messages on your behalf, providing a layer of separation between your organization and the internet, thereby reducing load on your servers. Through this highly available network, Microsoft can ensure that email reaches your organization in a timely manner.

EOP performs load balancing between datacenters but only within a region. If you're provisioned in one region, all of your messages are processed using the mail routing for that region.

EOP communications

The following communication channels are available for issues and new features in EOP:

EOP features

This section provides a high-level overview of the main features that are available in EOP.

For information about requirements, important limits, and feature availability across all EOP subscription plans, see the Exchange Online Protection service description.

Notes:

  • EOP uses several URL block lists that help detect known malicious links within messages.
  • EOP uses a vast list of domains that are known to send spam.
  • EOP inspects the active payload in the message body and all message attachments for malware.
Feature Comments
Protection
Preset security policies Preset security policies in EOP and Microsoft Defender for Office 365

Configuration analyzer for protection policies in EOP and Microsoft Defender for Office 365

Anti-malware Anti-malware protection in EOP

Anti-malware protection FAQ

Configure anti-malware policies in EOP

Inbound anti-spam Anti-spam protection in EOP

Anti-spam protection FAQ

Configure anti-spam policies in EOP

Outbound anti-spam Outbound spam protection in EOP

Configure outbound spam filtering in EOP

Control automatic external email forwarding in Microsoft 365

Connection filtering Configure connection filtering
Anti-phishing Anti-phishing policies in Microsoft 365

Configure anti-phishing policies in EOP

Anti-spoofing protection Spoof intelligence insight in EOP

Manage the Tenant Allow/Block List

Zero-hour auto purge (ZAP) for delivered malware, spam, and phishing messages ZAP in Exchange Online
Tenant Allow/Block List Manage the Tenant Allow/Block List
Block lists for message senders Create blocked sender lists in EOP
Allow lists for message senders Create safe sender lists in EOP
Directory Based Edge Blocking (DBEB) Use Directory Based Edge Blocking to reject messages sent to invalid recipients
Quarantine and submissions
Admin submission Use Admin submission to submit suspected spam, phish, URLs, and files to Microsoft
User reported message settings User reported settings
Quarantine - admins Manage quarantined messages and files as an admin in EOP

Quarantined messages FAQ

Report messages and files to Microsoft

Anti-spam message headers in Microsoft 365

You can analyze the message headers of quarantined messages using the Message Header Analyzer at.

Quarantine - end-users Find and release quarantined messages as a user in EOP

Use quarantine notifications to release and report quarantined messages

Quarantine policies

Mail flow
Mail flow rules Mail flow rules (transport rules) in Exchange Online

Mail flow rule conditions and exceptions (predicates) in Exchange Online

Mail flow rule actions in Exchange Online

Manage mail flow rules in Exchange Online

Mail flow rule procedures in Exchange Online

Accepted domains Manage accepted domains in Exchange Online
Connectors Configure mail flow using connectors in Exchange Online
Enhanced Filtering for Connectors Enhanced filtering for connectors in Exchange Online
Monitoring
Message trace Message trace

Message trace in the Exchange admin center

Email & collaboration reports View email security reports
Mail flow reports Mail flow reports in the Exchange admin center
Mail flow insights Mail flow insights in the Exchange admin center
Auditing reports Auditing reports in the Exchange admin center
Service Level Agreements (SLAs) and support
Spam effectiveness SLA > 99%
False positive ratio SLA < 1:250,000
Virus detection and blocking SLA 100% of known viruses
Monthly uptime SLA 99.999%
Phone and web technical support 24 hours a day, seven days a week Get support for Microsoft 365 for business.
Other features
A geo-redundant global network of servers EOP runs on a worldwide network of datacenters that are designed to help provide the best availability. For more information, see the EOP datacenters section earlier in this article.
Message queuing when the on-premises server can't accept mail Messages in deferral remain in our queues for one day. Message retry attempts are based on the error we get back from the recipient's mail system. On average, messages are retried every 5 minutes. For more information, see the Mail flow delivery FAQ.
Office 365 Message Encryption available as an add-on For more information, see Encryption in Office 365.