The same thing happened to me after the last update, which I had to force-restart.
I don't know if this is the same issue for everybody, but what led me to a solution after bluetooth disappeared from everywhere, including the device manager (although it eventually reappeared as a hidden device after I troubleshot the buggy Windows update), was that I had another bug, which I dismissed as unrelated at first, but turned out it wasn't.
So the hidden bluetooth elements in the device manager gave a Code 45 - device not connected to computer. Updating drivers, restarting services, uninstalling did nothing.
But under USB devices I also had a USB device with no name and a Code 43. Hardware troubleshooting couldn't fix it. It occurred to me to check online, eventually, and as it turns out bluetooth devices are treated like USB devices.
So I uninstalled the USB devices in the device manager. I uninstalled the top one and they all disappeared, and - more importantly - the hidden bluetooth devices disappeared at the same time. Then I shut down (not restarted) my laptop.
When I powered back on, everything was back, all the bluetooth and USB devices, no error codes of any kind. Even my paired devices didn't have to be reinstalled. No problem since.
Hope this helps someone.