Dear Eric and Dawn,
Thanks for your updates and the detailed screenshots here.
Sorry for the inconvenience the issue caused.
As I can't reproduce such an issue in our environments currently and the Upload feature should work for the file types you mentioned with the maximum size 250 GB, I'm afraid that it may be an issue when you use the Upload feature in your environments which may need to be involved with some logs from your side with our related team. I kindly suggest you contact the administrator in your company and open a support ticket to our related team as soon as possible so that they can help you further.
Meanwhile, I suggest you try uploading files with the OneDrive sync client to see if you can upload such files in your environments.
Sorry for that our category may have limited resources to contact our related team directly.
Thanks for your understanding and hope that the issue can be fixed soon in your environments.
Cliff