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Monitor Azure VPN Gateway

  • Artikkel

This article describes:

  • The types of monitoring data you can collect for this service.
  • Ways to analyze that data.

Note

If you're already familiar with this service and/or Azure Monitor and just want to know how to analyze monitoring data, see the Analyze section near the end of this article.

When you have critical applications and business processes that rely on Azure resources, you need to monitor and get alerts for your system. The Azure Monitor service collects and aggregates metrics and logs from every component of your system. Azure Monitor provides you with a view of availability, performance, and resilience, and notifies you of issues. You can use the Azure portal, PowerShell, Azure CLI, REST API, or client libraries to set up and view monitoring data.

Resource types

Azure uses the concept of resource types and IDs to identify everything in a subscription. Resource types are also part of the resource IDs for every resource running in Azure. For example, one resource type for a virtual machine is Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines. For a list of services and their associated resource types, see Resource providers.

Azure Monitor similarly organizes core monitoring data into metrics and logs based on resource types, also called namespaces. Different metrics and logs are available for different resource types. Your service might be associated with more than one resource type.

For more information about the resource types for VPN Gateway, see Azure VPN Gateway monitoring data reference.

Data storage

For Azure Monitor:

  • Metrics data is stored in the Azure Monitor metrics database.
  • Log data is stored in the Azure Monitor logs store. Log Analytics is a tool in the Azure portal that can query this store.
  • The Azure activity log is a separate store with its own interface in the Azure portal.

You can optionally route metric and activity log data to the Azure Monitor logs store. You can then use Log Analytics to query the data and correlate it with other log data.

Many services can use diagnostic settings to send metric and log data to other storage locations outside Azure Monitor. Examples include Azure Storage, hosted partner systems, and non-Azure partner systems, by using Event Hubs.

For detailed information on how Azure Monitor stores data, see Azure Monitor data platform.

See Create diagnostic setting to collect platform logs and metrics in Azure for the detailed process for creating a diagnostic setting using the Azure portal, CLI, or PowerShell. When you create a diagnostic setting, you specify which categories of logs to collect. The categories for VPN Gateway are listed in VPN Gateway monitoring data reference.

Important

Enabling these settings requires additional Azure services (storage account, event hub, or Log Analytics), which might increase your cost. To calculate an estimated cost, visit the Azure pricing calculator.

Data in Azure Monitor Logs is stored in tables where each table has its own set of unique properties.

Azure Monitor platform metrics

Azure Monitor provides platform metrics for most services. These metrics are:

  • Individually defined for each namespace.
  • Stored in the Azure Monitor time-series metrics database.
  • Lightweight and capable of supporting near real-time alerting.
  • Used to track the performance of a resource over time.

Collection: Azure Monitor collects platform metrics automatically. No configuration is required.

Routing: You can also route some platform metrics to Azure Monitor Logs / Log Analytics so you can query them with other log data. Check the DS export setting for each metric to see if you can use a diagnostic setting to route the metric to Azure Monitor Logs / Log Analytics.

For a list of all metrics it's possible to gather for all resources in Azure Monitor, see Supported metrics in Azure Monitor.

For a list of available metrics for VPN Gateway, see Azure VPN Gateway monitoring data reference.

Azure Monitor resource logs

Resource logs provide insight into operations that were done by an Azure resource. Logs are generated automatically, but you must route them to Azure Monitor logs to save or query them. Logs are organized in categories. A given namespace might have multiple resource log categories.

Collection: Resource logs aren't collected and stored until you create a diagnostic setting and route the logs to one or more locations. When you create a diagnostic setting, you specify which categories of logs to collect. There are multiple ways to create and maintain diagnostic settings, including the Azure portal, programmatically, and though Azure Policy.

Routing: The suggested default is to route resource logs to Azure Monitor Logs so you can query them with other log data. Other locations such as Azure Storage, Azure Event Hubs, and certain Microsoft monitoring partners are also available. For more information, see Azure resource logs and Resource log destinations.

For detailed information about collecting, storing, and routing resource logs, see Diagnostic settings in Azure Monitor.

For a list of all available resource log categories in Azure Monitor, see Supported resource logs in Azure Monitor.

All resource logs in Azure Monitor have the same header fields, followed by service-specific fields. The common schema is outlined in Azure Monitor resource log schema.

For the available resource log categories, their associated Log Analytics tables, and the log schemas for VPN Gateway, see Azure VPN Gateway monitoring data reference.

Azure activity log

The activity log contains subscription-level events that track operations for each Azure resource as seen from outside that resource; for example, creating a new resource or starting a virtual machine.

Collection: Activity log events are automatically generated and collected in a separate store for viewing in the Azure portal.

Routing: You can send activity log data to Azure Monitor Logs so you can analyze it alongside other log data. Other locations such as Azure Storage, Azure Event Hubs, and certain Microsoft monitoring partners are also available. For more information on how to route the activity log, see Overview of the Azure activity log.

Analyze monitoring data

There are many tools for analyzing monitoring data.

Azure Monitor tools

Azure Monitor supports the following basic tools:

Tools that allow more complex visualization include:

  • Dashboards that let you combine different kinds of data into a single pane in the Azure portal.
  • Workbooks, customizable reports that you can create in the Azure portal. Workbooks can include text, metrics, and log queries.
  • Grafana, an open platform tool that excels in operational dashboards. You can use Grafana to create dashboards that include data from multiple sources other than Azure Monitor.
  • Power BI, a business analytics service that provides interactive visualizations across various data sources. You can configure Power BI to automatically import log data from Azure Monitor to take advantage of these visualizations.

Azure Monitor export tools

You can get data out of Azure Monitor into other tools by using the following methods:

To get started with the REST API for Azure Monitor, see Azure monitoring REST API walkthrough.

Kusto queries

You can analyze monitoring data in the Azure Monitor Logs / Log Analytics store by using the Kusto query language (KQL).

Important

When you select Logs from the service's menu in the portal, Log Analytics opens with the query scope set to the current service. This scope means that log queries will only include data from that type of resource. If you want to run a query that includes data from other Azure services, select Logs from the Azure Monitor menu. See Log query scope and time range in Azure Monitor Log Analytics for details.

For a list of common queries for any service, see the Log Analytics queries interface.

Alerts

Azure Monitor alerts proactively notify you when specific conditions are found in your monitoring data. Alerts allow you to identify and address issues in your system before your customers notice them. For more information, see Azure Monitor alerts.

There are many sources of common alerts for Azure resources. For examples of common alerts for Azure resources, see Sample log alert queries. The Azure Monitor Baseline Alerts (AMBA) site provides a semi-automated method of implementing important platform metric alerts, dashboards, and guidelines. The site applies to a continually expanding subset of Azure services, including all services that are part of the Azure Landing Zone (ALZ).

The common alert schema standardizes the consumption of Azure Monitor alert notifications. For more information, see Common alert schema.

Types of alerts

You can alert on any metric or log data source in the Azure Monitor data platform. There are many different types of alerts depending on the services you're monitoring and the monitoring data you're collecting. Different types of alerts have various benefits and drawbacks. For more information, see Choose the right monitoring alert type.

The following list describes the types of Azure Monitor alerts you can create:

  • Metric alerts evaluate resource metrics at regular intervals. Metrics can be platform metrics, custom metrics, logs from Azure Monitor converted to metrics, or Application Insights metrics. Metric alerts can also apply multiple conditions and dynamic thresholds.
  • Log alerts allow users to use a Log Analytics query to evaluate resource logs at a predefined frequency.
  • Activity log alerts trigger when a new activity log event occurs that matches defined conditions. Resource Health alerts and Service Health alerts are activity log alerts that report on your service and resource health.

Some Azure services also support smart detection alerts, Prometheus alerts, or recommended alert rules.

For some services, you can monitor at scale by applying the same metric alert rule to multiple resources of the same type that exist in the same Azure region. Individual notifications are sent for each monitored resource. For supported Azure services and clouds, see Monitor multiple resources with one alert rule.

VPN Gateway alert rules

You can set alerts for any metric, log entry, or activity log entry listed in the Azure VPN Gateway monitoring data reference.

Advisor recommendations

For some services, if critical conditions or imminent changes occur during resource operations, an alert displays on the service Overview page in the portal. You can find more information and recommended fixes for the alert in Advisor recommendations under Monitoring in the left menu. During normal operations, no advisor recommendations display.

For more information on Azure Advisor, see Azure Advisor overview.

View BGP metrics and status

You can view BGP metrics and status by using the Azure portal, or by using Azure PowerShell.

Azure portal

In the Azure portal, you can view BGP peers, learned routes, and advertised routes. You can also download .csv files containing this data.

  1. In the Azure portal, navigate to your virtual network gateway.

  2. Under Monitoring, select BGP peers to open the BGP peers page.

    Screenshot of metrics in the Azure portal.

Learned routes

  1. You can view up to 50 learned routes in the portal.

    Screenshot of learned routes.

  2. You can also download the learned routes file. If you have more than 50 learned routes, the only way to view all of them is by downloading and viewing the .csv file. To download, select Download learned routes.

    Screenshot of downloading learned routes.

  3. Then, view the file.

    Screenshot of downloaded learned routes.

Advertised routes

  1. To view advertised routes, select the ... at the end of the network that you want to view, then select View advertised routes.

    Screenshot showing how to view advertised routes.

  2. On the Routes advertised to peer page, you can view up to 50 advertised routes.

    Screenshot of advertised routes.

  3. You can also download the advertised routes file. If you have more than 50 advertised routes, the only way to view all of them is by downloading and viewing the .csv file. To download, select Download advertised routes.

    Screenshot of selecting downloaded advertised routes.

  4. Then, view the file.

    Screenshot of downloaded advertised routes.

BGP peers

  1. You can view up to 50 BGP peers in the portal.

    Screenshot of BGP peers.

  2. You can also download the BGP peers file. If you have more than 50 BGP peers, the only way to view all of them is by downloading and viewing the .csv file. To download, select Download BGP peers on the portal page.

    Screenshot of downloading BGP peers.

  3. Then, view the file.

    Screenshot of downloaded BGP peers.

PowerShell

Use Get-AzVirtualNetworkGatewayBGPPeerStatus to view all BGP peers and the status.

This article uses PowerShell cmdlets. To run the cmdlets, you can use Azure Cloud Shell. Cloud Shell is a free interactive shell that you can use to run the steps in this article. It has common Azure tools preinstalled and configured to use with your account.

To open Cloud Shell, just select Open Cloudshell from the upper-right corner of a code block. You can also open Cloud Shell on a separate browser tab by going to https://shell.azure.com/powershell. Select Copy to copy the blocks of code, paste them into Cloud Shell, and select the Enter key to run them.

You can also install and run the Azure PowerShell cmdlets locally on your computer. PowerShell cmdlets are updated frequently. If you haven't installed the latest version, the values specified in the instructions may fail. To find the versions of Azure PowerShell installed on your computer, use the Get-Module -ListAvailable Az cmdlet. To install or update, see Install the Azure PowerShell module.

Get-AzVirtualNetworkGatewayBgpPeerStatus -ResourceGroupName resourceGroup -VirtualNetworkGatewayName gatewayName

Asn               : 65515
ConnectedDuration : 9.01:04:53.5768637
LocalAddress      : 10.1.0.254
MessagesReceived  : 14893
MessagesSent      : 14900
Neighbor          : 10.0.0.254
RoutesReceived    : 1
State             : Connected

Use Get-AzVirtualNetworkGatewayLearnedRoute to view all the routes that the gateway learned through BGP.

Get-AzVirtualNetworkGatewayLearnedRoute -ResourceGroupName resourceGroup -VirtualNetworkGatewayname gatewayName

AsPath       :
LocalAddress : 10.1.0.254
Network      : 10.1.0.0/16
NextHop      :
Origin       : Network
SourcePeer   : 10.1.0.254
Weight       : 32768

AsPath       :
LocalAddress : 10.1.0.254
Network      : 10.0.0.254/32
NextHop      :
Origin       : Network
SourcePeer   : 10.1.0.254
Weight       : 32768

AsPath       : 65515
LocalAddress : 10.1.0.254
Network      : 10.0.0.0/16
NextHop      : 10.0.0.254
Origin       : EBgp
SourcePeer   : 10.0.0.254
Weight       : 32768

Use Get-AzVirtualNetworkGatewayAdvertisedRoute to view all the routes that the gateway is advertising to its peers through BGP.

Get-AzVirtualNetworkGatewayAdvertisedRoute -VirtualNetworkGatewayName gatewayName -ResourceGroupName resourceGroupName -Peer 10.0.0.254

Rest API

You can also use the GetBgpPeerStatus Rest API call to retrieve the information. This Async operation returns a 202 status code. You need to fetch the results via a separate GET call. For more information, see Azure-AsyncOperation request and response.

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