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開發使用 Azure 檔案儲存體 的 Python 應用程式

了解使用 Python 以開發使用 Azure 檔案儲存體來儲存檔案資料的應用程式或服務的基本概念。 建立主控台應用程式,並了解如何使用 Python 和 Azure 檔案儲存體來執行基本動作:

  • 建立 Azure 檔案共用
  • 建立目錄
  • 列舉 Azure 檔案共用的檔案和目錄
  • 上傳、下載及刪除檔案
  • 使用快照集建立檔案共用備份

注意

因為 Azure 檔案儲存體 可能透過SMB存取,所以可以使用標準 Python I/O 類別和函式來撰寫存取 Azure 檔案共用的簡單應用程式。 本文說明如何撰寫使用適用於 Python Azure 儲存體 SDK 的應用程式,其會使用 Azure 檔案儲存體 REST API 與 Azure 檔案儲存體 通訊。

適用於

檔案共用類型 SMB NFS
標準檔案共用 (GPv2)、LRS/ZRS 是 否
標準檔案共用 (GPv2)、GRS/GZRS 是 否
進階檔案共用 (FileStorage)、LRS/ZRS 是 No

下載並安裝 Azure Storage SDK for Python

注意

如果您要從適用於 Python 0.36 版或更早版本的 Azure 儲存體 SDK 升級,請先卸載舊版 SDKpip uninstall azure-storage,再安裝最新的套件。

適用於 Python 的 Azure 檔案儲存體用戶端程式庫 需要 Python 3.8+。

透過 PyPI 安裝

若要透過 Python Package Index (PyPI) 安裝,請輸入:

pip install azure-storage-file-share

設定您的應用程式以使用 Azure 檔案服務

將下列程式碼新增至 Python 來源檔案靠近頂端的位置,以使用此文章中的程式碼片段。

from azure.core.exceptions import (
    ResourceExistsError,
    ResourceNotFoundError
)

from azure.storage.fileshare import (
    ShareServiceClient,
    ShareClient,
    ShareDirectoryClient,
    ShareFileClient
)

設定 Azure 檔案服務的連線

ShareServiceClient 可讓您使用共用、目錄和檔案。 此程式碼使用儲存體帳戶連接字串來建立 ShareServiceClient 物件:

# Create a ShareServiceClient from a connection string
service_client = ShareServiceClient.from_connection_string(connection_string)

建立 Azure 檔案共用

下列程式碼範例使用 ShareClient 物件來建立共用 (如果共用不存在)。

def create_file_share(self, connection_string, share_name):
    try:
        # Create a ShareClient from a connection string
        share_client = ShareClient.from_connection_string(
            connection_string, share_name)

        print("Creating share:", share_name)
        share_client.create_share()

    except ResourceExistsError as ex:
        print("ResourceExistsError:", ex.message)

建立目錄

您可以組織儲存體,方法是將檔案放在子目錄中,而不是將所有檔案都放在根目錄中。

下列方法使用 ShareDirectoryClient 物件,在指定檔案共用的根目錄中建立目錄。

def create_directory(self, connection_string, share_name, dir_name):
    try:
        # Create a ShareDirectoryClient from a connection string
        dir_client = ShareDirectoryClient.from_connection_string(
            connection_string, share_name, dir_name)

        print("Creating directory:", share_name + "/" + dir_name)
        dir_client.create_directory()

    except ResourceExistsError as ex:
        print("ResourceExistsError:", ex.message)

上傳檔案

在此節中,您將了解如何將檔案從本機儲存體上傳至 Azure 檔案儲存體。

下列方法會將指定檔案的內容上傳至指定 Azure 檔案共用中的指定目錄。

def upload_local_file(self, connection_string, local_file_path, share_name, dest_file_path):
    try:
        source_file = open(local_file_path, "rb")
        data = source_file.read()

        # Create a ShareFileClient from a connection string
        file_client = ShareFileClient.from_connection_string(
            connection_string, share_name, dest_file_path)

        print("Uploading to:", share_name + "/" + dest_file_path)
        file_client.upload_file(data)

    except ResourceExistsError as ex:
        print("ResourceExistsError:", ex.message)

    except ResourceNotFoundError as ex:
        print("ResourceNotFoundError:", ex.message)

列舉 Azure 檔案共用的檔案和目錄

若要列出子目錄中的檔案和目錄,請使用 list_directories_and_files 方法。 此方法會傳回自動分頁的可反覆執行物件。 下列程式碼會將指定目錄中每個檔案和子目錄的名稱輸出到主控台。

def list_files_and_dirs(self, connection_string, share_name, dir_name):
    try:
        # Create a ShareClient from a connection string
        share_client = ShareClient.from_connection_string(
            connection_string, share_name)

        for item in list(share_client.list_directories_and_files(dir_name)):
            if item["is_directory"]:
                print("Directory:", item["name"])
            else:
                print("File:", dir_name + "/" + item["name"])

    except ResourceNotFoundError as ex:
        print("ResourceNotFoundError:", ex.message)

下載檔案

若要從檔案下載資料,請使用 download_file

下列範例示範如何使用 download_file 來取得指定檔案的內容,然後將其儲存在本機,並在檔案名稱前面加上 DOWNLOADED-

def download_azure_file(self, connection_string, share_name, dir_name, file_name):
    try:
        # Build the remote path
        source_file_path = dir_name + "/" + file_name

        # Add a prefix to the filename to 
        # distinguish it from the uploaded file
        dest_file_name = "DOWNLOADED-" + file_name

        # Create a ShareFileClient from a connection string
        file_client = ShareFileClient.from_connection_string(
            connection_string, share_name, source_file_path)

        print("Downloading to:", dest_file_name)

        # Open a file for writing bytes on the local system
        with open(dest_file_name, "wb") as data:
            # Download the file from Azure into a stream
            stream = file_client.download_file()
            # Write the stream to the local file
            data.write(stream.readall())

    except ResourceNotFoundError as ex:
        print("ResourceNotFoundError:", ex.message)

建立共用快照集

您可以針對整個檔案共用,建立一個時間點複本。

def create_snapshot(self, connection_string, share_name):
    try:
        # Create a ShareClient from a connection string
        share_client = ShareClient.from_connection_string(
            connection_string, share_name)

        # Create a snapshot
        snapshot = share_client.create_snapshot()
        print("Created snapshot:", snapshot["snapshot"])

        # Return the snapshot time so 
        # it can be accessed later
        return snapshot["snapshot"]

    except ResourceNotFoundError as ex:
        print("ResourceNotFoundError:", ex.message)

列出共用和快照集

您可以針對特定的共用,列出所有快照集。

def list_shares_snapshots(self, connection_string):
    try:
        # Create a ShareServiceClient from a connection string
        service_client = ShareServiceClient.from_connection_string(connection_string)

        # List the shares in the file service
        shares = list(service_client.list_shares(include_snapshots=True))

        for share in shares:
            if (share["snapshot"]):
                print("Share:", share["name"], "Snapshot:", share["snapshot"])
            else:
                print("Share:", share["name"])

    except ResourceNotFoundError as ex:
        print("ResourceNotFoundError:", ex.message)

瀏覽共用快照集

您可以瀏覽每個共用快照集,以擷取該時間點的檔案和目錄。

def browse_snapshot_dir(self, connection_string, share_name, snapshot_time, dir_name):
    try:
        # Create a ShareClient from a connection string
        snapshot = ShareClient.from_connection_string(
            conn_str=connection_string, share_name=share_name, snapshot=snapshot_time)

        print("Snapshot:", snapshot_time)

        for item in list(snapshot.list_directories_and_files(dir_name)):
            if item["is_directory"]:
                print("Directory:", item["name"])
            else:
                print("File:", dir_name + "/" + item["name"])

    except ResourceNotFoundError as ex:
        print("ResourceNotFoundError:", ex.message)

從共用快照集取得檔案

您可以從共用快照集下載檔案,這可讓您還原舊版檔案。

def download_snapshot_file(self, connection_string, share_name, snapshot_time, dir_name, file_name):
    try:
        # Build the remote path
        source_file_path = dir_name + "/" + file_name

        # Add a prefix to the local filename to 
        # indicate it's a file from a snapshot
        dest_file_name = "SNAPSHOT-" + file_name

        # Create a ShareFileClient from a connection string
        snapshot_file_client = ShareFileClient.from_connection_string(
            conn_str=connection_string, share_name=share_name, 
            file_path=source_file_path, snapshot=snapshot_time)

        print("Downloading to:", dest_file_name)

        # Open a file for writing bytes on the local system
        with open(dest_file_name, "wb") as data:
            # Download the file from Azure into a stream
            stream = snapshot_file_client.download_file()
            # Write the stream to the local file
            data.write(stream.readall())

    except ResourceNotFoundError as ex:
        print("ResourceNotFoundError:", ex.message)

刪除單一共用快照集

您可以刪除單一共用快照集。

def delete_snapshot(self, connection_string, share_name, snapshot_time):
    try:
        # Create a ShareClient for a snapshot
        snapshot_client = ShareClient.from_connection_string(conn_str=connection_string, share_name=share_name, snapshot=snapshot_time)

        print("Deleting snapshot:", snapshot_time)

        # Delete the snapshot
        snapshot_client.delete_share()

    except ResourceNotFoundError as ex:
        print("ResourceNotFoundError:", ex.message)

刪除檔案

若要刪除檔案,請呼叫 delete_file

def delete_azure_file(self, connection_string, share_name, file_path):
    try:
        # Create a ShareFileClient from a connection string
        file_client = ShareFileClient.from_connection_string(
            connection_string, share_name, file_path)

        print("Deleting file:", share_name + "/" + file_path)

        # Delete the file
        file_client.delete_file()

    except ResourceNotFoundError as ex:
        print("ResourceNotFoundError:", ex.message)

共用快照集存在時刪除共用

若要刪除包含快照集的共用,請使用 delete_share 搭配 delete_snapshots=True

def delete_share(self, connection_string, share_name):
    try:
        # Create a ShareClient from a connection string
        share_client = ShareClient.from_connection_string(
            connection_string, share_name)

        print("Deleting share:", share_name)

        # Delete the share and snapshots
        share_client.delete_share(delete_snapshots=True)

    except ResourceNotFoundError as ex:
        print("ResourceNotFoundError:", ex.message)

下一步

您現在已經學會如何使用 Python 操作 Azure 檔案服務,請遵循這些連結深入了解。

如需使用已取代的 Python 2 版 SDK 相關程式碼範例,請參閱使用 Python 2 版的程式碼範例