Details of the NL BIO Cloud Theme Regulatory Compliance built-in initiative

The following article details how the Azure Policy Regulatory Compliance built-in initiative definition maps to compliance domains and controls in NL BIO Cloud Theme. For more information about this compliance standard, see NL BIO Cloud Theme. To understand Ownership, review the policy type and Shared responsibility in the cloud.

The following mappings are to the NL BIO Cloud Theme controls. Many of the controls are implemented with an Azure Policy initiative definition. To review the complete initiative definition, open Policy in the Azure portal and select the Definitions page. Then, find and select the NL BIO Cloud Theme Regulatory Compliance built-in initiative definition.

Important

Each control below is associated with one or more Azure Policy definitions. These policies may help you assess compliance with the control; however, there often is not a one-to-one or complete match between a control and one or more policies. As such, Compliant in Azure Policy refers only to the policy definitions themselves; this doesn't ensure you're fully compliant with all requirements of a control. In addition, the compliance standard includes controls that aren't addressed by any Azure Policy definitions at this time. Therefore, compliance in Azure Policy is only a partial view of your overall compliance status. The associations between compliance domains, controls, and Azure Policy definitions for this compliance standard may change over time. To view the change history, see the GitHub Commit History.

B.01.3 Laws and regulations - Legal, statutory, regulatory requirements

The requirements applicable to the CSC arising from laws and regulations have been identified

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme B.01.3 Ownership: Customer

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
Allowed locations	This policy enables you to restrict the locations your organization can specify when deploying resources. Use to enforce your geo-compliance requirements. Excludes resource groups, Microsoft.AzureActiveDirectory/b2cDirectories, and resources that use the 'global' region.	deny	1.0.0
Allowed locations for resource groups	This policy enables you to restrict the locations your organization can create resource groups in. Use to enforce your geo-compliance requirements.	deny	1.0.0

B.09.1 Privacy and protection of personal data - Security aspects and stages

Availability, integrity and confidentiality measures have been taken.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme B.09.1 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
Only secure connections to your Azure Cache for Redis should be enabled	Audit enabling of only connections via SSL to Azure Cache for Redis. Use of secure connections ensures authentication between the server and the service and protects data in transit from network layer attacks such as man-in-the-middle, eavesdropping, and session-hijacking	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Secure transfer to storage accounts should be enabled	Audit requirement of Secure transfer in your storage account. Secure transfer is an option that forces your storage account to accept requests only from secure connections (HTTPS). Use of HTTPS ensures authentication between the server and the service and protects data in transit from network layer attacks such as man-in-the-middle, eavesdropping, and session-hijacking	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0

B.10.2 Security organisation - Security function

The security feature provides proactive support.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme B.10.2 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
A maximum of 3 owners should be designated for your subscription	It is recommended to designate up to 3 subscription owners in order to reduce the potential for breach by a compromised owner.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
There should be more than one owner assigned to your subscription	It is recommended to designate more than one subscription owner in order to have administrator access redundancy.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0

B.10.3 Security organisation - Organisational position

The CSP has given the information security organization a formal position within the entire organization.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme B.10.3 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
A maximum of 3 owners should be designated for your subscription	It is recommended to designate up to 3 subscription owners in order to reduce the potential for breach by a compromised owner.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
There should be more than one owner assigned to your subscription	It is recommended to designate more than one subscription owner in order to have administrator access redundancy.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0

B.10.4 Security organisation - Tasks, responsibilities and powers

The CSP has described the responsibilities for information security and assigned them to specific officers.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme B.10.4 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
A maximum of 3 owners should be designated for your subscription	It is recommended to designate up to 3 subscription owners in order to reduce the potential for breach by a compromised owner.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
There should be more than one owner assigned to your subscription	It is recommended to designate more than one subscription owner in order to have administrator access redundancy.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0

C.04.3 Technical vulnerability management - Timelines

If the probability of abuse and the expected damage are both high, patches are installed no later than within a week.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme C.04.3 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
A vulnerability assessment solution should be enabled on your virtual machines	Audits virtual machines to detect whether they are running a supported vulnerability assessment solution. A core component of every cyber risk and security program is the identification and analysis of vulnerabilities. Azure Security Center's standard pricing tier includes vulnerability scanning for your virtual machines at no extra cost. Additionally, Security Center can automatically deploy this tool for you.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
App Service apps should use latest 'HTTP Version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for HTTP either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest HTTP version for web apps to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the newer version.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.0.0
App Service apps that use Java should use a specified 'Java version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for Java software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest Java version for App Service apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a Java version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
App Service apps that use PHP should use a specified 'PHP version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for PHP software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest PHP version for App Service apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a PHP version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.2.0
App Service apps that use Python should use a specified 'Python version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for Python software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest Python version for App Service apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a Python version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.1.0
Azure Defender for App Service should be enabled	Azure Defender for App Service leverages the scale of the cloud, and the visibility that Azure has as a cloud provider, to monitor for common web app attacks.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for Azure SQL Database servers should be enabled	Azure Defender for SQL provides functionality for surfacing and mitigating potential database vulnerabilities, detecting anomalous activities that could indicate threats to SQL databases, and discovering and classifying sensitive data.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Defender for Key Vault should be enabled	Azure Defender for Key Vault provides an additional layer of protection and security intelligence by detecting unusual and potentially harmful attempts to access or exploit key vault accounts.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for Resource Manager should be enabled	Azure Defender for Resource Manager automatically monitors the resource management operations in your organization. Azure Defender detects threats and alerts you about suspicious activity. Learn more about the capabilities of Azure Defender for Resource Manager at https://aka.ms/defender-for-resource-manager . Enabling this Azure Defender plan results in charges. Learn about the pricing details per region on Security Center's pricing page: https://aka.ms/pricing-security-center .	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Defender for servers should be enabled	Azure Defender for servers provides real-time threat protection for server workloads and generates hardening recommendations as well as alerts about suspicious activities.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for SQL servers on machines should be enabled	Azure Defender for SQL provides functionality for surfacing and mitigating potential database vulnerabilities, detecting anomalous activities that could indicate threats to SQL databases, and discovering and classifying sensitive data.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2
Function apps should use latest 'HTTP Version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for HTTP either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest HTTP version for web apps to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the newer version.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.0.0
Function apps that use Java should use a specified 'Java version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for Java software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest Java version for Function apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a Java version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
Function apps that use Python should use a specified 'Python version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for Python software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest Python version for Function apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a Python version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.1.0
Kubernetes Services should be upgraded to a non-vulnerable Kubernetes version	Upgrade your Kubernetes service cluster to a later Kubernetes version to protect against known vulnerabilities in your current Kubernetes version. Vulnerability CVE-2019-9946 has been patched in Kubernetes versions 1.11.9+, 1.12.7+, 1.13.5+, and 1.14.0+	Audit, Disabled	1.0.2
Microsoft Defender for Containers should be enabled	Microsoft Defender for Containers provides hardening, vulnerability assessment and run-time protections for your Azure, hybrid, and multi-cloud Kubernetes environments.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Microsoft Defender for Storage should be enabled	Microsoft Defender for Storage detects potential threats to your storage accounts. It helps prevent the three major impacts on your data and workload: malicious file uploads, sensitive data exfiltration, and data corruption. The new Defender for Storage plan includes Malware Scanning and Sensitive Data Threat Detection. This plan also provides a predictable pricing structure (per storage account) for control over coverage and costs.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
SQL databases should have vulnerability findings resolved	Monitor vulnerability assessment scan results and recommendations for how to remediate database vulnerabilities.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.1.0
Vulnerabilities in security configuration on your machines should be remediated	Servers which do not satisfy the configured baseline will be monitored by Azure Security Center as recommendations	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
Vulnerability assessment should be enabled on your Synapse workspaces	Discover, track, and remediate potential vulnerabilities by configuring recurring SQL vulnerability assessment scans on your Synapse workspaces.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Windows Defender Exploit Guard should be enabled on your machines	Windows Defender Exploit Guard uses the Azure Policy Guest Configuration agent. Exploit Guard has four components that are designed to lock down devices against a wide variety of attack vectors and block behaviors commonly used in malware attacks while enabling enterprises to balance their security risk and productivity requirements (Windows only).	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0

C.04.6 Technical vulnerability management - Timelines

Technical weaknesses can be remedied by performing patch management in a timely manner.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme C.04.6 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
A vulnerability assessment solution should be enabled on your virtual machines	Audits virtual machines to detect whether they are running a supported vulnerability assessment solution. A core component of every cyber risk and security program is the identification and analysis of vulnerabilities. Azure Security Center's standard pricing tier includes vulnerability scanning for your virtual machines at no extra cost. Additionally, Security Center can automatically deploy this tool for you.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
App Service apps should use latest 'HTTP Version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for HTTP either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest HTTP version for web apps to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the newer version.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.0.0
App Service apps that use Java should use a specified 'Java version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for Java software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest Java version for App Service apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a Java version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
App Service apps that use PHP should use a specified 'PHP version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for PHP software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest PHP version for App Service apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a PHP version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.2.0
App Service apps that use Python should use a specified 'Python version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for Python software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest Python version for App Service apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a Python version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.1.0
Azure Defender for App Service should be enabled	Azure Defender for App Service leverages the scale of the cloud, and the visibility that Azure has as a cloud provider, to monitor for common web app attacks.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for Azure SQL Database servers should be enabled	Azure Defender for SQL provides functionality for surfacing and mitigating potential database vulnerabilities, detecting anomalous activities that could indicate threats to SQL databases, and discovering and classifying sensitive data.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Defender for Key Vault should be enabled	Azure Defender for Key Vault provides an additional layer of protection and security intelligence by detecting unusual and potentially harmful attempts to access or exploit key vault accounts.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for Resource Manager should be enabled	Azure Defender for Resource Manager automatically monitors the resource management operations in your organization. Azure Defender detects threats and alerts you about suspicious activity. Learn more about the capabilities of Azure Defender for Resource Manager at https://aka.ms/defender-for-resource-manager . Enabling this Azure Defender plan results in charges. Learn about the pricing details per region on Security Center's pricing page: https://aka.ms/pricing-security-center .	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Defender for servers should be enabled	Azure Defender for servers provides real-time threat protection for server workloads and generates hardening recommendations as well as alerts about suspicious activities.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for SQL servers on machines should be enabled	Azure Defender for SQL provides functionality for surfacing and mitigating potential database vulnerabilities, detecting anomalous activities that could indicate threats to SQL databases, and discovering and classifying sensitive data.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Machine Learning compute instances should be recreated to get the latest software updates	Ensure Azure Machine Learning compute instances run on the latest available operating system. Security is improved and vulnerabilities reduced by running with the latest security patches. For more information, visit https://aka.ms/azureml-ci-updates/.	[parameters('effects')]	1.0.3
Function apps should use latest 'HTTP Version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for HTTP either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest HTTP version for web apps to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the newer version.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.0.0
Function apps that use Java should use a specified 'Java version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for Java software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest Java version for Function apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a Java version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
Function apps that use Python should use a specified 'Python version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for Python software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest Python version for Function apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a Python version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.1.0
Kubernetes Services should be upgraded to a non-vulnerable Kubernetes version	Upgrade your Kubernetes service cluster to a later Kubernetes version to protect against known vulnerabilities in your current Kubernetes version. Vulnerability CVE-2019-9946 has been patched in Kubernetes versions 1.11.9+, 1.12.7+, 1.13.5+, and 1.14.0+	Audit, Disabled	1.0.2
Microsoft Defender for Containers should be enabled	Microsoft Defender for Containers provides hardening, vulnerability assessment and run-time protections for your Azure, hybrid, and multi-cloud Kubernetes environments.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Microsoft Defender for Storage should be enabled	Microsoft Defender for Storage detects potential threats to your storage accounts. It helps prevent the three major impacts on your data and workload: malicious file uploads, sensitive data exfiltration, and data corruption. The new Defender for Storage plan includes Malware Scanning and Sensitive Data Threat Detection. This plan also provides a predictable pricing structure (per storage account) for control over coverage and costs.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
SQL databases should have vulnerability findings resolved	Monitor vulnerability assessment scan results and recommendations for how to remediate database vulnerabilities.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.1.0
Vulnerabilities in security configuration on your machines should be remediated	Servers which do not satisfy the configured baseline will be monitored by Azure Security Center as recommendations	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
Windows Defender Exploit Guard should be enabled on your machines	Windows Defender Exploit Guard uses the Azure Policy Guest Configuration agent. Exploit Guard has four components that are designed to lock down devices against a wide variety of attack vectors and block behaviors commonly used in malware attacks while enabling enterprises to balance their security risk and productivity requirements (Windows only).	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0

C.04.7 Technical vulnerability management - Evaluated

Evaluations of technical vulnerabilities are recorded and reported.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme C.04.7 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
A vulnerability assessment solution should be enabled on your virtual machines	Audits virtual machines to detect whether they are running a supported vulnerability assessment solution. A core component of every cyber risk and security program is the identification and analysis of vulnerabilities. Azure Security Center's standard pricing tier includes vulnerability scanning for your virtual machines at no extra cost. Additionally, Security Center can automatically deploy this tool for you.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
App Service apps should have remote debugging turned off	Remote debugging requires inbound ports to be opened on an App Service app. Remote debugging should be turned off.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
App Service apps should not have CORS configured to allow every resource to access your apps	Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) should not allow all domains to access your app. Allow only required domains to interact with your app.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
App Service apps should use latest 'HTTP Version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for HTTP either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest HTTP version for web apps to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the newer version.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.0.0
App Service apps that use Java should use a specified 'Java version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for Java software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest Java version for App Service apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a Java version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
App Service apps that use PHP should use a specified 'PHP version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for PHP software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest PHP version for App Service apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a PHP version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.2.0
App Service apps that use Python should use a specified 'Python version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for Python software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest Python version for App Service apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a Python version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.1.0
Azure Defender for App Service should be enabled	Azure Defender for App Service leverages the scale of the cloud, and the visibility that Azure has as a cloud provider, to monitor for common web app attacks.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for Azure SQL Database servers should be enabled	Azure Defender for SQL provides functionality for surfacing and mitigating potential database vulnerabilities, detecting anomalous activities that could indicate threats to SQL databases, and discovering and classifying sensitive data.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Defender for Key Vault should be enabled	Azure Defender for Key Vault provides an additional layer of protection and security intelligence by detecting unusual and potentially harmful attempts to access or exploit key vault accounts.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for Resource Manager should be enabled	Azure Defender for Resource Manager automatically monitors the resource management operations in your organization. Azure Defender detects threats and alerts you about suspicious activity. Learn more about the capabilities of Azure Defender for Resource Manager at https://aka.ms/defender-for-resource-manager . Enabling this Azure Defender plan results in charges. Learn about the pricing details per region on Security Center's pricing page: https://aka.ms/pricing-security-center .	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Defender for servers should be enabled	Azure Defender for servers provides real-time threat protection for server workloads and generates hardening recommendations as well as alerts about suspicious activities.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for SQL servers on machines should be enabled	Azure Defender for SQL provides functionality for surfacing and mitigating potential database vulnerabilities, detecting anomalous activities that could indicate threats to SQL databases, and discovering and classifying sensitive data.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Policy Add-on for Kubernetes service (AKS) should be installed and enabled on your clusters	Azure Policy Add-on for Kubernetes service (AKS) extends Gatekeeper v3, an admission controller webhook for Open Policy Agent (OPA), to apply at-scale enforcements and safeguards on your clusters in a centralized, consistent manner.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.2
Function apps should have remote debugging turned off	Remote debugging requires inbound ports to be opened on Function apps. Remote debugging should be turned off.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Function apps should not have CORS configured to allow every resource to access your apps	Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) should not allow all domains to access your Function app. Allow only required domains to interact with your Function app.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Function apps should use latest 'HTTP Version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for HTTP either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest HTTP version for web apps to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the newer version.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.0.0
Function apps that use Java should use a specified 'Java version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for Java software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest Java version for Function apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a Java version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
Function apps that use Python should use a specified 'Python version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for Python software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest Python version for Function apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version. This policy only applies to Linux apps. This policy requires you to specify a Python version that meets your requirements.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.1.0
Kubernetes cluster containers CPU and memory resource limits should not exceed the specified limits	Enforce container CPU and memory resource limits to prevent resource exhaustion attacks in a Kubernetes cluster. This policy is generally available for Kubernetes Service (AKS), and preview for Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	9.3.0
Kubernetes cluster containers should not share host process ID or host IPC namespace	Block pod containers from sharing the host process ID namespace and host IPC namespace in a Kubernetes cluster. This recommendation is part of CIS 5.2.2 and CIS 5.2.3 which are intended to improve the security of your Kubernetes environments. This policy is generally available for Kubernetes Service (AKS), and preview for Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	5.2.0
Kubernetes cluster containers should only use allowed AppArmor profiles	Containers should only use allowed AppArmor profiles in a Kubernetes cluster. This policy is generally available for Kubernetes Service (AKS), and preview for Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	6.2.0
Kubernetes cluster containers should only use allowed capabilities	Restrict the capabilities to reduce the attack surface of containers in a Kubernetes cluster. This recommendation is part of CIS 5.2.8 and CIS 5.2.9 which are intended to improve the security of your Kubernetes environments. This policy is generally available for Kubernetes Service (AKS), and preview for Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	6.2.0
Kubernetes cluster containers should only use allowed images	Use images from trusted registries to reduce the Kubernetes cluster's exposure risk to unknown vulnerabilities, security issues and malicious images. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	9.3.0
Kubernetes cluster containers should run with a read only root file system	Run containers with a read only root file system to protect from changes at run-time with malicious binaries being added to PATH in a Kubernetes cluster. This policy is generally available for Kubernetes Service (AKS), and preview for Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	6.3.0
Kubernetes cluster pod hostPath volumes should only use allowed host paths	Limit pod HostPath volume mounts to the allowed host paths in a Kubernetes Cluster. This policy is generally available for Kubernetes Service (AKS), and Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	6.2.0
Kubernetes cluster pods and containers should only run with approved user and group IDs	Control the user, primary group, supplemental group and file system group IDs that pods and containers can use to run in a Kubernetes Cluster. This policy is generally available for Kubernetes Service (AKS), and preview for Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	6.2.0
Kubernetes cluster pods should only use approved host network and port range	Restrict pod access to the host network and the allowable host port range in a Kubernetes cluster. This recommendation is part of CIS 5.2.4 which is intended to improve the security of your Kubernetes environments. This policy is generally available for Kubernetes Service (AKS), and preview for Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	6.2.0
Kubernetes cluster services should listen only on allowed ports	Restrict services to listen only on allowed ports to secure access to the Kubernetes cluster. This policy is generally available for Kubernetes Service (AKS), and preview for Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	8.2.0
Kubernetes cluster should not allow privileged containers	Do not allow privileged containers creation in a Kubernetes cluster. This recommendation is part of CIS 5.2.1 which is intended to improve the security of your Kubernetes environments. This policy is generally available for Kubernetes Service (AKS), and preview for Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	9.2.0
Kubernetes clusters should disable automounting API credentials	Disable automounting API credentials to prevent a potentially compromised Pod resource to run API commands against Kubernetes clusters. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	4.2.0
Kubernetes clusters should not allow container privilege escalation	Do not allow containers to run with privilege escalation to root in a Kubernetes cluster. This recommendation is part of CIS 5.2.5 which is intended to improve the security of your Kubernetes environments. This policy is generally available for Kubernetes Service (AKS), and preview for Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	7.2.0
Kubernetes clusters should not grant CAP_SYS_ADMIN security capabilities	To reduce the attack surface of your containers, restrict CAP_SYS_ADMIN Linux capabilities. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	5.1.0
Kubernetes clusters should not use the default namespace	Prevent usage of the default namespace in Kubernetes clusters to protect against unauthorized access for ConfigMap, Pod, Secret, Service, and ServiceAccount resource types. For more information, see https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	4.2.0
Kubernetes Services should be upgraded to a non-vulnerable Kubernetes version	Upgrade your Kubernetes service cluster to a later Kubernetes version to protect against known vulnerabilities in your current Kubernetes version. Vulnerability CVE-2019-9946 has been patched in Kubernetes versions 1.11.9+, 1.12.7+, 1.13.5+, and 1.14.0+	Audit, Disabled	1.0.2
Microsoft Defender for Containers should be enabled	Microsoft Defender for Containers provides hardening, vulnerability assessment and run-time protections for your Azure, hybrid, and multi-cloud Kubernetes environments.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Microsoft Defender for Storage should be enabled	Microsoft Defender for Storage detects potential threats to your storage accounts. It helps prevent the three major impacts on your data and workload: malicious file uploads, sensitive data exfiltration, and data corruption. The new Defender for Storage plan includes Malware Scanning and Sensitive Data Threat Detection. This plan also provides a predictable pricing structure (per storage account) for control over coverage and costs.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
SQL databases should have vulnerability findings resolved	Monitor vulnerability assessment scan results and recommendations for how to remediate database vulnerabilities.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.1.0
Vulnerabilities in security configuration on your machines should be remediated	Servers which do not satisfy the configured baseline will be monitored by Azure Security Center as recommendations	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
Windows Defender Exploit Guard should be enabled on your machines	Windows Defender Exploit Guard uses the Azure Policy Guest Configuration agent. Exploit Guard has four components that are designed to lock down devices against a wide variety of attack vectors and block behaviors commonly used in malware attacks while enabling enterprises to balance their security risk and productivity requirements (Windows only).	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0

C.04.8 Technical vulnerability management - Evaluated

The evaluation reports contain suggestions for improvement and are communicated with managers/owners.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme C.04.8 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
A vulnerability assessment solution should be enabled on your virtual machines	Audits virtual machines to detect whether they are running a supported vulnerability assessment solution. A core component of every cyber risk and security program is the identification and analysis of vulnerabilities. Azure Security Center's standard pricing tier includes vulnerability scanning for your virtual machines at no extra cost. Additionally, Security Center can automatically deploy this tool for you.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
SQL databases should have vulnerability findings resolved	Monitor vulnerability assessment scan results and recommendations for how to remediate database vulnerabilities.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.1.0
Vulnerabilities in security configuration on your machines should be remediated	Servers which do not satisfy the configured baseline will be monitored by Azure Security Center as recommendations	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0

C.05.5 Security Monitoring Reporting - Monitored and reported

Demonstrably, follow-up is given to improvement proposals from analysis reports.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme C.05.5 Ownership: Microsoft

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
Email notification for high severity alerts should be enabled	To ensure the relevant people in your organization are notified when there is a potential security breach in one of your subscriptions, enable email notifications for high severity alerts in Security Center.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.2.0
Email notification to subscription owner for high severity alerts should be enabled	To ensure your subscription owners are notified when there is a potential security breach in their subscription, set email notifications to subscription owners for high severity alerts in Security Center.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.1.0
Subscriptions should have a contact email address for security issues	To ensure the relevant people in your organization are notified when there is a potential security breach in one of your subscriptions, set a security contact to receive email notifications from Security Center.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.1

U.03 - Business Continuity services

Information processing facilities should be implemented with sufficient redundancy to meet continuity requirements.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.03 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
Geo-redundant backup should be enabled for Azure Database for MariaDB	Azure Database for MariaDB allows you to choose the redundancy option for your database server. It can be set to a geo-redundant backup storage in which the data is not only stored within the region in which your server is hosted, but is also replicated to a paired region to provide recovery option in case of a region failure. Configuring geo-redundant storage for backup is only allowed during server create.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Geo-redundant backup should be enabled for Azure Database for MySQL	Azure Database for MySQL allows you to choose the redundancy option for your database server. It can be set to a geo-redundant backup storage in which the data is not only stored within the region in which your server is hosted, but is also replicated to a paired region to provide recovery option in case of a region failure. Configuring geo-redundant storage for backup is only allowed during server create.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Geo-redundant backup should be enabled for Azure Database for PostgreSQL	Azure Database for PostgreSQL allows you to choose the redundancy option for your database server. It can be set to a geo-redundant backup storage in which the data is not only stored within the region in which your server is hosted, but is also replicated to a paired region to provide recovery option in case of a region failure. Configuring geo-redundant storage for backup is only allowed during server create.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1

U.03.1 Business Continuity Services - Redundancy

The agreed continuity is guaranteed by sufficiently logical or physically multiple system functions.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.03.1 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
Audit virtual machines without disaster recovery configured	Audit virtual machines which do not have disaster recovery configured. To learn more about disaster recovery, visit https://aka.ms/asr-doc.	auditIfNotExists	1.0.0
Azure Backup should be enabled for Virtual Machines	Ensure protection of your Azure Virtual Machines by enabling Azure Backup. Azure Backup is a secure and cost effective data protection solution for Azure.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0

U.03.2 Business Continuity Services - Continuity requirements

The continuity requirements for cloud services agreed with the CSC are ensured by the system architecture.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.03.2 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
Audit virtual machines without disaster recovery configured	Audit virtual machines which do not have disaster recovery configured. To learn more about disaster recovery, visit https://aka.ms/asr-doc.	auditIfNotExists	1.0.0
Azure Backup should be enabled for Virtual Machines	Ensure protection of your Azure Virtual Machines by enabling Azure Backup. Azure Backup is a secure and cost effective data protection solution for Azure.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0

U.04.1 Data and Cloud Service Recovery - Restore function

The data and cloud services are restored within the agreed period and maximum data loss and made available to the CSC.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.04.1 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
Audit virtual machines without disaster recovery configured	Audit virtual machines which do not have disaster recovery configured. To learn more about disaster recovery, visit https://aka.ms/asr-doc.	auditIfNotExists	1.0.0
Key vaults should have deletion protection enabled	Malicious deletion of a key vault can lead to permanent data loss. You can prevent permanent data loss by enabling purge protection and soft delete. Purge protection protects you from insider attacks by enforcing a mandatory retention period for soft deleted key vaults. No one inside your organization or Microsoft will be able to purge your key vaults during the soft delete retention period. Keep in mind that key vaults created after September 1st 2019 have soft-delete enabled by default.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.1.0
Key vaults should have soft delete enabled	Deleting a key vault without soft delete enabled permanently deletes all secrets, keys, and certificates stored in the key vault. Accidental deletion of a key vault can lead to permanent data loss. Soft delete allows you to recover an accidentally deleted key vault for a configurable retention period.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	3.0.0

U.04.2 Data and Cloud Service Recovery - Restore function

The continuous process of recoverable protection of data is monitored.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.04.2 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
Audit virtual machines without disaster recovery configured	Audit virtual machines which do not have disaster recovery configured. To learn more about disaster recovery, visit https://aka.ms/asr-doc.	auditIfNotExists	1.0.0
Key vaults should have deletion protection enabled	Malicious deletion of a key vault can lead to permanent data loss. You can prevent permanent data loss by enabling purge protection and soft delete. Purge protection protects you from insider attacks by enforcing a mandatory retention period for soft deleted key vaults. No one inside your organization or Microsoft will be able to purge your key vaults during the soft delete retention period. Keep in mind that key vaults created after September 1st 2019 have soft-delete enabled by default.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.1.0
Key vaults should have soft delete enabled	Deleting a key vault without soft delete enabled permanently deletes all secrets, keys, and certificates stored in the key vault. Accidental deletion of a key vault can lead to permanent data loss. Soft delete allows you to recover an accidentally deleted key vault for a configurable retention period.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	3.0.0

U.04.3 Data and Cloud Service Recovery - Tested

The functioning of recovery functions is periodically tested and the results are shared with the CSC.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.04.3 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
Audit virtual machines without disaster recovery configured	Audit virtual machines which do not have disaster recovery configured. To learn more about disaster recovery, visit https://aka.ms/asr-doc.	auditIfNotExists	1.0.0
Key vaults should have deletion protection enabled	Malicious deletion of a key vault can lead to permanent data loss. You can prevent permanent data loss by enabling purge protection and soft delete. Purge protection protects you from insider attacks by enforcing a mandatory retention period for soft deleted key vaults. No one inside your organization or Microsoft will be able to purge your key vaults during the soft delete retention period. Keep in mind that key vaults created after September 1st 2019 have soft-delete enabled by default.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.1.0
Key vaults should have soft delete enabled	Deleting a key vault without soft delete enabled permanently deletes all secrets, keys, and certificates stored in the key vault. Accidental deletion of a key vault can lead to permanent data loss. Soft delete allows you to recover an accidentally deleted key vault for a configurable retention period.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	3.0.0

U.05.1 Data protection - Cryptographic measures

Data transport is secured with cryptography where key management is carried out by the CSC itself if possible.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.05.1 Ownership: Customer

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
App Service apps should only be accessible over HTTPS	Use of HTTPS ensures server/service authentication and protects data in transit from network layer eavesdropping attacks.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	4.0.0
App Service apps should require FTPS only	Enable FTPS enforcement for enhanced security.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
App Service apps should use the latest TLS version	Periodically, newer versions are released for TLS either due to security flaws, include additional functionality, and enhance speed. Upgrade to the latest TLS version for App Service apps to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.1.0
Azure Batch pools should have disk encryption enabled	Enabling Azure Batch disk encryption ensures that data is always encrypted at rest on your Azure Batch compute node. Learn more about disk encryption in Batch at https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/batch/disk-encryption.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	1.0.0
Azure Edge Hardware Center devices should have double encryption support enabled	Ensure that devices ordered from Azure Edge Hardware Center have double encryption support enabled, to secure the data at rest on the device. This option adds a second layer of data encryption.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Azure Front Door Standard and Premium should be running minimum TLS version of 1.2	Setting minimal TLS version to 1.2 improves security by ensuring your custom domains are accessed from clients using TLS 1.2 or newer. Using versions of TLS less than 1.2 is not recommended since they are weak and do not support modern cryptographic algorithms.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure HDInsight clusters should use encryption in transit to encrypt communication between Azure HDInsight cluster nodes	Data can be tampered with during transmission between Azure HDInsight cluster nodes. Enabling encryption in transit addresses problems of misuse and tampering during this transmission.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure SQL Database should be running TLS version 1.2 or newer	Setting TLS version to 1.2 or newer improves security by ensuring your Azure SQL Database can only be accessed from clients using TLS 1.2 or newer. Using versions of TLS less than 1.2 is not recommended since they have well documented security vulnerabilities.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	2.0.0
Enforce SSL connection should be enabled for MySQL database servers	Azure Database for MySQL supports connecting your Azure Database for MySQL server to client applications using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Enforcing SSL connections between your database server and your client applications helps protect against 'man in the middle' attacks by encrypting the data stream between the server and your application. This configuration enforces that SSL is always enabled for accessing your database server.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Enforce SSL connection should be enabled for PostgreSQL database servers	Azure Database for PostgreSQL supports connecting your Azure Database for PostgreSQL server to client applications using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Enforcing SSL connections between your database server and your client applications helps protect against 'man in the middle' attacks by encrypting the data stream between the server and your application. This configuration enforces that SSL is always enabled for accessing your database server.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Function apps should only be accessible over HTTPS	Use of HTTPS ensures server/service authentication and protects data in transit from network layer eavesdropping attacks.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	5.0.0
Function apps should require FTPS only	Enable FTPS enforcement for enhanced security.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Function apps should use the latest TLS version	Periodically, newer versions are released for TLS either due to security flaws, include additional functionality, and enhance speed. Upgrade to the latest TLS version for Function apps to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.1.0
Kubernetes clusters should be accessible only over HTTPS	Use of HTTPS ensures authentication and protects data in transit from network layer eavesdropping attacks. This capability is currently generally available for Kubernetes Service (AKS), and in preview for Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes. For more info, visit https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	8.2.0
Only secure connections to your Azure Cache for Redis should be enabled	Audit enabling of only connections via SSL to Azure Cache for Redis. Use of secure connections ensures authentication between the server and the service and protects data in transit from network layer attacks such as man-in-the-middle, eavesdropping, and session-hijacking	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Secure transfer to storage accounts should be enabled	Audit requirement of Secure transfer in your storage account. Secure transfer is an option that forces your storage account to accept requests only from secure connections (HTTPS). Use of HTTPS ensures authentication between the server and the service and protects data in transit from network layer attacks such as man-in-the-middle, eavesdropping, and session-hijacking	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Windows machines should be configured to use secure communication protocols	To protect the privacy of information communicated over the Internet, your machines should use the latest version of the industry-standard cryptographic protocol, Transport Layer Security (TLS). TLS secures communications over a network by encrypting a connection between machines.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.1.1

U.05.2 Data protection - Cryptographic measures

Data stored in the cloud service shall be protected to the latest state of the art.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.05.2 Ownership: Customer

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
[Preview]: Azure Recovery Services vaults should use customer-managed keys for encrypting backup data	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your backup data. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/AB-CmkEncryption.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0-preview
[Preview]: Guest Attestation extension should be installed on supported Linux virtual machines	Install Guest Attestation extension on supported Linux virtual machines to allow Azure Security Center to proactively attest and monitor the boot integrity. Once installed, boot integrity will be attested via Remote Attestation. This assessment applies to Trusted Launch and Confidential Linux virtual machines.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	6.0.0-preview
[Preview]: Guest Attestation extension should be installed on supported Linux virtual machines scale sets	Install Guest Attestation extension on supported Linux virtual machines scale sets to allow Azure Security Center to proactively attest and monitor the boot integrity. Once installed, boot integrity will be attested via Remote Attestation. This assessment applies to Trusted Launch and Confidential Linux virtual machine scale sets.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	5.1.0-preview
[Preview]: Guest Attestation extension should be installed on supported Windows virtual machines	Install Guest Attestation extension on supported virtual machines to allow Azure Security Center to proactively attest and monitor the boot integrity. Once installed, boot integrity will be attested via Remote Attestation. This assessment applies to Trusted Launch and Confidential Windows virtual machines.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.0.0-preview
[Preview]: Guest Attestation extension should be installed on supported Windows virtual machines scale sets	Install Guest Attestation extension on supported virtual machines scale sets to allow Azure Security Center to proactively attest and monitor the boot integrity. Once installed, boot integrity will be attested via Remote Attestation. This assessment applies to Trusted Launch and Confidential Windows virtual machine scale sets.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0-preview
[Preview]: IoT Hub device provisioning service data should be encrypted using customer-managed keys (CMK)	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your IoT Hub device provisioning service. The data is automatically encrypted at rest with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys (CMK) are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. CMKs enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. Learn more about CMK encryption at https://aka.ms/dps/CMK.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0-preview
[Preview]: Secure Boot should be enabled on supported Windows virtual machines	Enable Secure Boot on supported Windows virtual machines to mitigate against malicious and unauthorized changes to the boot chain. Once enabled, only trusted bootloaders, kernel and kernel drivers will be allowed to run. This assessment applies to Trusted Launch and Confidential Windows virtual machines.	Audit, Disabled	4.0.0-preview
[Preview]: vTPM should be enabled on supported virtual machines	Enable virtual TPM device on supported virtual machines to facilitate Measured Boot and other OS security features that require a TPM. Once enabled, vTPM can be used to attest boot integrity. This assessment only applies to trusted launch enabled virtual machines.	Audit, Disabled	2.0.0-preview
Azure AI Services resources should encrypt data at rest with a customer-managed key (CMK)	Using customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest provides more control over the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. This is particularly relevant for organizations with related compliance requirements. This is not assessed by default and should only be applied when required by compliance or restrictive policy requirements. If not enabled, the data will be encrypted using platform-managed keys. To implement this, update the 'Effect' parameter in the Security Policy for the applicable scope.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.2.0
Azure API for FHIR should use a customer-managed key to encrypt data at rest	Use a customer-managed key to control the encryption at rest of the data stored in Azure API for FHIR when this is a regulatory or compliance requirement. Customer-managed keys also deliver double encryption by adding a second layer of encryption on top of the default one done with service-managed keys.	audit, Audit, disabled, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Automation accounts should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your Azure Automation Accounts. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/automation-cmk.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Batch account should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your Batch account's data. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/Batch-CMK.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.1
Azure Batch pools should have disk encryption enabled	Enabling Azure Batch disk encryption ensures that data is always encrypted at rest on your Azure Batch compute node. Learn more about disk encryption in Batch at https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/batch/disk-encryption.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	1.0.0
Azure Container Instance container group should use customer-managed key for encryption	Secure your containers with greater flexibility using customer-managed keys. When you specify a customer-managed key, that key is used to protect and control access to the key that encrypts your data. Using customer-managed keys provides additional capabilities to control rotation of the key encryption key or cryptographically erase data.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	1.0.0
Azure Cosmos DB accounts should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your Azure Cosmos DB. By default, the data is encrypted at rest with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/cosmosdb-cmk.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Data Box jobs should enable double encryption for data at rest on the device	Enable a second layer of software-based encryption for data at rest on the device. The device is already protected via Advanced Encryption Standard 256-bit encryption for data at rest. This option adds a second layer of data encryption.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Data Box jobs should use a customer-managed key to encrypt the device unlock password	Use a customer-managed key to control the encryption of the device unlock password for Azure Data Box. Customer-managed keys also help manage access to the device unlock password by the Data Box service in order to prepare the device and copy data in an automated manner. The data on the device itself is already encrypted at rest with Advanced Encryption Standard 256-bit encryption, and the device unlock password is encrypted by default with a Microsoft managed key.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Data Explorer encryption at rest should use a customer-managed key	Enabling encryption at rest using a customer-managed key on your Azure Data Explorer cluster provides additional control over the key being used by the encryption at rest. This feature is oftentimes applicable to customers with special compliance requirements and requires a Key Vault to managing the keys.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure data factories should be encrypted with a customer-managed key	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your Azure Data Factory. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/adf-cmk.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.1
Azure Edge Hardware Center devices should have double encryption support enabled	Ensure that devices ordered from Azure Edge Hardware Center have double encryption support enabled, to secure the data at rest on the device. This option adds a second layer of data encryption.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Azure HDInsight clusters should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your Azure HDInsight clusters. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/hdi.cmk.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.1
Azure HDInsight clusters should use encryption at host to encrypt data at rest	Enabling encryption at host helps protect and safeguard your data to meet your organizational security and compliance commitments. When you enable encryption at host, data stored on the VM host is encrypted at rest and flows encrypted to the Storage service.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Machine Learning workspaces should be encrypted with a customer-managed key	Manage encryption at rest of Azure Machine Learning workspace data with customer-managed keys. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/azureml-workspaces-cmk.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Monitor Logs clusters should be created with infrastructure-encryption enabled (double encryption)	To ensure secure data encryption is enabled at the service level and the infrastructure level with two different encryption algorithms and two different keys, use an Azure Monitor dedicated cluster. This option is enabled by default when supported at the region, see https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-monitor/platform/customer-managed-keys#customer-managed-key-overview.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Monitor Logs clusters should be encrypted with customer-managed key	Create Azure Monitor logs cluster with customer-managed keys encryption. By default, the log data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance. Customer-managed key in Azure Monitor gives you more control over the access to you data, see https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-monitor/platform/customer-managed-keys.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Stream Analytics jobs should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data	Use customer-managed keys when you want to securely store any metadata and private data assets of your Stream Analytics jobs in your storage account. This gives you total control over how your Stream Analytics data is encrypted.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Synapse workspaces should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Use customer-managed keys to control the encryption at rest of the data stored in Azure Synapse workspaces. Customer-managed keys deliver double encryption by adding a second layer of encryption on top of the default encryption with service-managed keys.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Bot Service should be encrypted with a customer-managed key	Azure Bot Service automatically encrypts your resource to protect your data and meet organizational security and compliance commitments. By default, Microsoft-managed encryption keys are used. For greater flexibility in managing keys or controlling access to your subscription, select customer-managed keys, also known as bring your own key (BYOK). Learn more about Azure Bot Service encryption: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/bot-service/bot-service-encryption.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	1.1.0
Both operating systems and data disks in Azure Kubernetes Service clusters should be encrypted by customer-managed keys	Encrypting OS and data disks using customer-managed keys provides more control and greater flexibility in key management. This is a common requirement in many regulatory and industry compliance standards.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.1
Container registries should be encrypted with a customer-managed key	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of the contents of your registries. By default, the data is encrypted at rest with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/acr/CMK.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.2
Disk encryption should be enabled on Azure Data Explorer	Enabling disk encryption helps protect and safeguard your data to meet your organizational security and compliance commitments.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Double encryption should be enabled on Azure Data Explorer	Enabling double encryption helps protect and safeguard your data to meet your organizational security and compliance commitments. When double encryption has been enabled, data in the storage account is encrypted twice, once at the service level and once at the infrastructure level, using two different encryption algorithms and two different keys.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Event Hub namespaces should use a customer-managed key for encryption	Azure Event Hubs supports the option of encrypting data at rest with either Microsoft-managed keys (default) or customer-managed keys. Choosing to encrypt data using customer-managed keys enables you to assign, rotate, disable, and revoke access to the keys that Event Hub will use to encrypt data in your namespace. Note that Event Hub only supports encryption with customer-managed keys for namespaces in dedicated clusters.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.0
HPC Cache accounts should use customer-managed key for encryption	Manage encryption at rest of Azure HPC Cache with customer-managed keys. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	2.0.0
Infrastructure encryption should be enabled for Azure Database for MySQL servers	Enable infrastructure encryption for Azure Database for MySQL servers to have higher level of assurance that the data is secure. When infrastructure encryption is enabled, the data at rest is encrypted twice using FIPS 140-2 compliant Microsoft managed keys.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Infrastructure encryption should be enabled for Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers	Enable infrastructure encryption for Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers to have higher level of assurance that the data is secure. When infrastructure encryption is enabled, the data at rest is encrypted twice using FIPS 140-2 compliant Microsoft managed keys	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Logic Apps Integration Service Environment should be encrypted with customer-managed keys	Deploy into Integration Service Environment to manage encryption at rest of Logic Apps data using customer-managed keys. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Managed disks should be double encrypted with both platform-managed and customer-managed keys	High security sensitive customers who are concerned of the risk associated with any particular encryption algorithm, implementation, or key being compromised can opt for additional layer of encryption using a different encryption algorithm/mode at the infrastructure layer using platform managed encryption keys. The disk encryption sets are required to use double encryption. Learn more at https://aka.ms/disks-doubleEncryption.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
MySQL servers should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your MySQL servers. By default, the data is encrypted at rest with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.4
OS and data disks should be encrypted with a customer-managed key	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of the contents of your managed disks. By default, the data is encrypted at rest with platform-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/disks-cmk.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	3.0.0
PostgreSQL servers should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your PostgreSQL servers. By default, the data is encrypted at rest with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.4
Saved-queries in Azure Monitor should be saved in customer storage account for logs encryption	Link storage account to Log Analytics workspace to protect saved-queries with storage account encryption. Customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance and for more control over the access to your saved-queries in Azure Monitor. For more details on the above, see https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-monitor/platform/customer-managed-keys?tabs=portal#customer-managed-key-for-saved-queries.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	1.1.0
Service Bus Premium namespaces should use a customer-managed key for encryption	Azure Service Bus supports the option of encrypting data at rest with either Microsoft-managed keys (default) or customer-managed keys. Choosing to encrypt data using customer-managed keys enables you to assign, rotate, disable, and revoke access to the keys that Service Bus will use to encrypt data in your namespace. Note that Service Bus only supports encryption with customer-managed keys for premium namespaces.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.0
SQL managed instances should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Implementing Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) with your own key provides you with increased transparency and control over the TDE Protector, increased security with an HSM-backed external service, and promotion of separation of duties. This recommendation applies to organizations with a related compliance requirement.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
SQL servers should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Implementing Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) with your own key provides increased transparency and control over the TDE Protector, increased security with an HSM-backed external service, and promotion of separation of duties. This recommendation applies to organizations with a related compliance requirement.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.1
Storage account encryption scopes should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your storage account encryption scopes. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure key-vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more about storage account encryption scopes at https://aka.ms/encryption-scopes-overview.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Storage accounts should have infrastructure encryption	Enable infrastructure encryption for higher level of assurance that the data is secure. When infrastructure encryption is enabled, data in a storage account is encrypted twice.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Storage accounts should use customer-managed key for encryption	Secure your blob and file storage account with greater flexibility using customer-managed keys. When you specify a customer-managed key, that key is used to protect and control access to the key that encrypts your data. Using customer-managed keys provides additional capabilities to control rotation of the key encryption key or cryptographically erase data.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.3
Temp disks and cache for agent node pools in Azure Kubernetes Service clusters should be encrypted at host	To enhance data security, the data stored on the virtual machine (VM) host of your Azure Kubernetes Service nodes VMs should be encrypted at rest. This is a common requirement in many regulatory and industry compliance standards.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.1
Transparent Data Encryption on SQL databases should be enabled	Transparent data encryption should be enabled to protect data-at-rest and meet compliance requirements	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Virtual machines and virtual machine scale sets should have encryption at host enabled	Use encryption at host to get end-to-end encryption for your virtual machine and virtual machine scale set data. Encryption at host enables encryption at rest for your temporary disk and OS/data disk caches. Temporary and ephemeral OS disks are encrypted with platform-managed keys when encryption at host is enabled. OS/data disk caches are encrypted at rest with either customer-managed or platform-managed key, depending on the encryption type selected on the disk. Learn more at https://aka.ms/vm-hbe.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0

U.07.1 Data separation - Isolated

Permanent isolation of data is a multi-tenant architecture. Patches are realized in a controlled manner.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.07.1 Ownership: Microsoft

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
[Deprecated]: Azure Cognitive Search services should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to Azure Cognitive Search, data leakage risks are reduced. Learn more about private links at: https://aka.ms/azure-cognitive-search/inbound-private-endpoints.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1-deprecated
[Deprecated]: Cognitive Services should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual networks to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to Cognitive Services, you'll reduce the potential for data leakage. Learn more about private links at: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2129800.	Audit, Disabled	3.0.1-deprecated
[Preview]: Storage account public access should be disallowed	Anonymous public read access to containers and blobs in Azure Storage is a convenient way to share data but might present security risks. To prevent data breaches caused by undesired anonymous access, Microsoft recommends preventing public access to a storage account unless your scenario requires it.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	3.1.0-preview
All network ports should be restricted on network security groups associated to your virtual machine	Azure Security Center has identified some of your network security groups' inbound rules to be too permissive. Inbound rules should not allow access from 'Any' or 'Internet' ranges. This can potentially enable attackers to target your resources.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
API Management services should use a virtual network	Azure Virtual Network deployment provides enhanced security, isolation and allows you to place your API Management service in a non-internet routable network that you control access to. These networks can then be connected to your on-premises networks using various VPN technologies, which enables access to your backend services within the network and/or on-premises. The developer portal and API gateway, can be configured to be accessible either from the Internet or only within the virtual network.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.2
App Configuration should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The private link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to your app configuration instances instead of the entire service, you'll also be protected against data leakage risks. Learn more at: https://aka.ms/appconfig/private-endpoint.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2
Authorized IP ranges should be defined on Kubernetes Services	Restrict access to the Kubernetes Service Management API by granting API access only to IP addresses in specific ranges. It is recommended to limit access to authorized IP ranges to ensure that only applications from allowed networks can access the cluster.	Audit, Disabled	2.0.1
Azure AI Services resources should restrict network access	By restricting network access, you can ensure that only allowed networks can access the service. This can be achieved by configuring network rules so that only applications from allowed networks can access the Azure AI service.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	3.2.0
Azure API for FHIR should use private link	Azure API for FHIR should have at least one approved private endpoint connection. Clients in a virtual network can securely access resources that have private endpoint connections through private links. For more information, visit: https://aka.ms/fhir-privatelink.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Cache for Redis should use private link	Private endpoints lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. By mapping private endpoints to your Azure Cache for Redis instances, data leakage risks are reduced. Learn more at: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-cache-for-redis/cache-private-link.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Cognitive Search service should use a SKU that supports private link	With supported SKUs of Azure Cognitive Search, Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The private link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to your Search service, data leakage risks are reduced. Learn more at: https://aka.ms/azure-cognitive-search/inbound-private-endpoints.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Cognitive Search services should disable public network access	Disabling public network access improves security by ensuring that your Azure Cognitive Search service is not exposed on the public internet. Creating private endpoints can limit exposure of your Search service. Learn more at: https://aka.ms/azure-cognitive-search/inbound-private-endpoints.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Cosmos DB accounts should have firewall rules	Firewall rules should be defined on your Azure Cosmos DB accounts to prevent traffic from unauthorized sources. Accounts that have at least one IP rule defined with the virtual network filter enabled are deemed compliant. Accounts disabling public access are also deemed compliant.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.1.0
Azure Cosmos DB should disable public network access	Disabling public network access improves security by ensuring that your CosmosDB account isn't exposed on the public internet. Creating private endpoints can limit exposure of your CosmosDB account. Learn more at: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db/how-to-configure-private-endpoints#blocking-public-network-access-during-account-creation.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Data Factory should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to Azure Data Factory, data leakage risks are reduced. Learn more about private links at: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/data-factory/data-factory-private-link.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Databricks Clusters should disable public IP	Disabling public IP of clusters in Azure Databricks Workspaces improves security by ensuring that the clusters aren't exposed on the public internet. Learn more at: https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/databricks/security/secure-cluster-connectivity.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.1
Azure Databricks Workspaces should be in a virtual network	Azure Virtual Networks provide enhanced security and isolation for your Azure Databricks Workspaces, as well as subnets, access control policies, and other features to further restrict access. Learn more at: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/databricks/administration-guide/cloud-configurations/azure/vnet-inject.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Databricks Workspaces should disable public network access	Disabling public network access improves security by ensuring that the resource isn't exposed on the public internet. You can control exposure of your resources by creating private endpoints instead. Learn more at: https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/databricks/administration-guide/cloud-configurations/azure/private-link.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.1
Azure Databricks Workspaces should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual networks to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to Azure Databricks workspaces, you can reduce data leakage risks. Learn more about private links at: https://aka.ms/adbpe.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Event Grid domains should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to your Event Grid domain instead of the entire service, you'll also be protected against data leakage risks. Learn more at: https://aka.ms/privateendpoints.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Event Grid topics should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to your Event Grid topic instead of the entire service, you'll also be protected against data leakage risks. Learn more at: https://aka.ms/privateendpoints.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure File Sync should use private link	Creating a private endpoint for the indicated Storage Sync Service resource allows you to address your Storage Sync Service resource from within the private IP address space of your organization's network, rather than through the internet-accessible public endpoint. Creating a private endpoint by itself does not disable the public endpoint.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Front Door profiles should use Premium tier that supports managed WAF rules and private link	Azure Front Door Premium supports Azure managed WAF rules and private link to supported Azure origins.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Key Vault should have firewall enabled	Enable the key vault firewall so that the key vault is not accessible by default to any public IPs. Optionally, you can configure specific IP ranges to limit access to those networks. Learn more at: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/key-vault/general/network-security	Audit, Deny, Disabled	3.2.1
Azure Key Vaults should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual networks to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to key vault, you can reduce data leakage risks. Learn more about private links at: https://aka.ms/akvprivatelink.	[parameters('audit_effect')]	1.2.1
Azure Machine Learning Computes should be in a virtual network	Azure Virtual Networks provide enhanced security and isolation for your Azure Machine Learning Compute Clusters and Instances, as well as subnets, access control policies, and other features to further restrict access. When a compute is configured with a virtual network, it is not publicly addressable and can only be accessed from virtual machines and applications within the virtual network.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Azure Machine Learning Workspaces should disable public network access	Disabling public network access improves security by ensuring that the Machine Learning Workspaces aren't exposed on the public internet. You can control exposure of your workspaces by creating private endpoints instead. Learn more at: https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/machine-learning/how-to-configure-private-link?view=azureml-api-2&tabs=azure-portal.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.1
Azure Machine Learning workspaces should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to Azure Machine Learning workspaces, data leakage risks are reduced. Learn more about private links at: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/machine-learning/how-to-configure-private-link.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Service Bus namespaces should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to Service Bus namespaces, data leakage risks are reduced. Learn more at: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/service-bus-messaging/private-link-service.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure SignalR Service should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The private link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to your Azure SignalR Service resource instead of the entire service, you'll reduce your data leakage risks. Learn more about private links at: https://aka.ms/asrs/privatelink.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure SQL Managed Instances should disable public network access	Disabling public network access (public endpoint) on Azure SQL Managed Instances improves security by ensuring that they can only be accessed from inside their virtual networks or via Private Endpoints. To learn more about public network access, visit https://aka.ms/mi-public-endpoint.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Synapse workspaces should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to Azure Synapse workspace, data leakage risks are reduced. Learn more about private links at: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics/security/how-to-connect-to-workspace-with-private-links.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Azure Web Application Firewall should be enabled for Azure Front Door entry-points	Deploy Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) in front of public facing web applications for additional inspection of incoming traffic. Web Application Firewall (WAF) provides centralized protection of your web applications from common exploits and vulnerabilities such as SQL injections, Cross-Site Scripting, local and remote file executions. You can also restrict access to your web applications by countries, IP address ranges, and other http(s) parameters via custom rules.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Web PubSub Service should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual networks to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The private link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to your Azure Web PubSub Service, you can reduce data leakage risks. Learn more about private links at: https://aka.ms/awps/privatelink.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.0
Container registries should not allow unrestricted network access	Azure container registries by default accept connections over the internet from hosts on any network. To protect your registries from potential threats, allow access from only specific private endpoints, public IP addresses or address ranges. If your registry doesn't have network rules configured, it will appear in the unhealthy resources. Learn more about Container Registry network rules here: https://aka.ms/acr/privatelink, https://aka.ms/acr/portal/public-network and https://aka.ms/acr/vnet.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Container registries should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The private link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network.By mapping private endpoints to your container registries instead of the entire service, you'll also be protected against data leakage risks. Learn more at: https://aka.ms/acr/private-link.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
CosmosDB accounts should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to your CosmosDB account, data leakage risks are reduced. Learn more about private links at: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db/how-to-configure-private-endpoints.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.0
Disk access resources should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to diskAccesses, data leakage risks are reduced. Learn more about private links at: https://aka.ms/disksprivatelinksdoc.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Event Hub namespaces should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to Event Hub namespaces, data leakage risks are reduced. Learn more at: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/event-hubs/private-link-service.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Internet-facing virtual machines should be protected with network security groups	Protect your virtual machines from potential threats by restricting access to them with network security groups (NSG). Learn more about controlling traffic with NSGs at https://aka.ms/nsg-doc	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
IoT Hub device provisioning service instances should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to the IoT Hub device provisioning service, data leakage risks are reduced. Learn more about private links at: https://aka.ms/iotdpsvnet.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.0
IP Forwarding on your virtual machine should be disabled	Enabling IP forwarding on a virtual machine's NIC allows the machine to receive traffic addressed to other destinations. IP forwarding is rarely required (e.g., when using the VM as a network virtual appliance), and therefore, this should be reviewed by the network security team.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Management ports of virtual machines should be protected with just-in-time network access control	Possible network Just In Time (JIT) access will be monitored by Azure Security Center as recommendations	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Management ports should be closed on your virtual machines	Open remote management ports are exposing your VM to a high level of risk from Internet-based attacks. These attacks attempt to brute force credentials to gain admin access to the machine.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Non-internet-facing virtual machines should be protected with network security groups	Protect your non-internet-facing virtual machines from potential threats by restricting access with network security groups (NSG). Learn more about controlling traffic with NSGs at https://aka.ms/nsg-doc	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Private endpoint connections on Azure SQL Database should be enabled	Private endpoint connections enforce secure communication by enabling private connectivity to Azure SQL Database.	Audit, Disabled	1.1.0
Public network access on Azure SQL Database should be disabled	Disabling the public network access property improves security by ensuring your Azure SQL Database can only be accessed from a private endpoint. This configuration denies all logins that match IP or virtual network based firewall rules.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Public network access should be disabled for MariaDB servers	Disable the public network access property to improve security and ensure your Azure Database for MariaDB can only be accessed from a private endpoint. This configuration strictly disables access from any public address space outside of Azure IP range, and denies all logins that match IP or virtual network-based firewall rules.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Public network access should be disabled for MySQL servers	Disable the public network access property to improve security and ensure your Azure Database for MySQL can only be accessed from a private endpoint. This configuration strictly disables access from any public address space outside of Azure IP range, and denies all logins that match IP or virtual network-based firewall rules.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Public network access should be disabled for PostgreSQL servers	Disable the public network access property to improve security and ensure your Azure Database for PostgreSQL can only be accessed from a private endpoint. This configuration disables access from any public address space outside of Azure IP range, and denies all logins that match IP or virtual network-based firewall rules.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.1
Storage accounts should restrict network access	Network access to storage accounts should be restricted. Configure network rules so only applications from allowed networks can access the storage account. To allow connections from specific internet or on-premises clients, access can be granted to traffic from specific Azure virtual networks or to public internet IP address ranges	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.1
Storage accounts should restrict network access using virtual network rules	Protect your storage accounts from potential threats using virtual network rules as a preferred method instead of IP-based filtering. Disabling IP-based filtering prevents public IPs from accessing your storage accounts.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.1
Storage accounts should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to your storage account, data leakage risks are reduced. Learn more about private links at - https://aka.ms/azureprivatelinkoverview	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Subnets should be associated with a Network Security Group	Protect your subnet from potential threats by restricting access to it with a Network Security Group (NSG). NSGs contain a list of Access Control List (ACL) rules that allow or deny network traffic to your subnet.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
VM Image Builder templates should use private link	Azure Private Link lets you connect your virtual network to Azure services without a public IP address at the source or destination. The Private Link platform handles the connectivity between the consumer and services over the Azure backbone network. By mapping private endpoints to your VM Image Builder building resources, data leakage risks are reduced. Learn more about private links at: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/virtual-machines/linux/image-builder-networking#deploy-using-an-existing-vnet.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	1.1.0
Web Application Firewall (WAF) should be enabled for Application Gateway	Deploy Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) in front of public facing web applications for additional inspection of incoming traffic. Web Application Firewall (WAF) provides centralized protection of your web applications from common exploits and vulnerabilities such as SQL injections, Cross-Site Scripting, local and remote file executions. You can also restrict access to your web applications by countries, IP address ranges, and other http(s) parameters via custom rules.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0

U.07.3 Data separation - Management features

U.07.3 - The privileges to view or modify CSC data and/or encryption keys are granted in a controlled manner and use is logged.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.07.3 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
A maximum of 3 owners should be designated for your subscription	It is recommended to designate up to 3 subscription owners in order to reduce the potential for breach by a compromised owner.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
An Azure Active Directory administrator should be provisioned for SQL servers	Audit provisioning of an Azure Active Directory administrator for your SQL server to enable Azure AD authentication. Azure AD authentication enables simplified permission management and centralized identity management of database users and other Microsoft services	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
App Service apps should use managed identity	Use a managed identity for enhanced authentication security	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
App Service Environment should have internal encryption enabled	Setting InternalEncryption to true encrypts the pagefile, worker disks, and internal network traffic between the front ends and workers in an App Service Environment. To learn more, refer to https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/app-service/environment/app-service-app-service-environment-custom-settings#enable-internal-encryption.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Audit usage of custom RBAC roles	Audit built-in roles such as 'Owner, Contributer, Reader' instead of custom RBAC roles, which are error prone. Using custom roles is treated as an exception and requires a rigorous review and threat modeling	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Automation account variables should be encrypted	It is important to enable encryption of Automation account variable assets when storing sensitive data	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure AI Services resources should have key access disabled (disable local authentication)	Key access (local authentication) is recommended to be disabled for security. Azure OpenAI Studio, typically used in development/testing, requires key access and will not function if key access is disabled. After disabling, Microsoft Entra ID becomes the only access method, which allows maintaining minimum privilege principle and granular control. Learn more at: https://aka.ms/AI/auth	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Blocked accounts with owner permissions on Azure resources should be removed	Deprecated accounts with owner permissions should be removed from your subscription. Deprecated accounts are accounts that have been blocked from signing in.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Blocked accounts with read and write permissions on Azure resources should be removed	Deprecated accounts should be removed from your subscriptions. Deprecated accounts are accounts that have been blocked from signing in.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Function apps should use managed identity	Use a managed identity for enhanced authentication security	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Guest accounts with owner permissions on Azure resources should be removed	External accounts with owner permissions should be removed from your subscription in order to prevent unmonitored access.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Guest accounts with read permissions on Azure resources should be removed	External accounts with read privileges should be removed from your subscription in order to prevent unmonitored access.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Guest accounts with write permissions on Azure resources should be removed	External accounts with write privileges should be removed from your subscription in order to prevent unmonitored access.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) should be used on Kubernetes Services	To provide granular filtering on the actions that users can perform, use Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) to manage permissions in Kubernetes Service Clusters and configure relevant authorization policies.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.4
Service Fabric clusters should have the ClusterProtectionLevel property set to EncryptAndSign	Service Fabric provides three levels of protection (None, Sign and EncryptAndSign) for node-to-node communication using a primary cluster certificate. Set the protection level to ensure that all node-to-node messages are encrypted and digitally signed	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Service Fabric clusters should only use Azure Active Directory for client authentication	Audit usage of client authentication only via Azure Active Directory in Service Fabric	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Storage accounts should prevent shared key access	Audit requirement of Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) to authorize requests for your storage account. By default, requests can be authorized with either Azure Active Directory credentials, or by using the account access key for Shared Key authorization. Of these two types of authorization, Azure AD provides superior security and ease of use over Shared Key, and is recommended by Microsoft.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Transparent Data Encryption on SQL databases should be enabled	Transparent data encryption should be enabled to protect data-at-rest and meet compliance requirements	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
VPN gateways should use only Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) authentication for point-to-site users	Disabling local authentication methods improves security by ensuring that VPN Gateways use only Azure Active Directory identities for authentication. Learn more about Azure AD authentication at https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/vpn-gateway/openvpn-azure-ad-tenant	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0

U.09.3 Malware Protection - Detection, prevention and recovery

The malware protection runs on different environments.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.09.3 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
[Preview]: Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes clusters should have Microsoft Defender for Cloud extension installed	Microsoft Defender for Cloud extension for Azure Arc provides threat protection for your Arc enabled Kubernetes clusters. The extension collects data from all nodes in the cluster and sends it to the Azure Defender for Kubernetes backend in the cloud for further analysis. Learn more in https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/defender-for-cloud/defender-for-containers-enable?pivots=defender-for-container-arc.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	6.0.0-preview
A vulnerability assessment solution should be enabled on your virtual machines	Audits virtual machines to detect whether they are running a supported vulnerability assessment solution. A core component of every cyber risk and security program is the identification and analysis of vulnerabilities. Azure Security Center's standard pricing tier includes vulnerability scanning for your virtual machines at no extra cost. Additionally, Security Center can automatically deploy this tool for you.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Azure DDoS Protection should be enabled	DDoS protection should be enabled for all virtual networks with a subnet that is part of an application gateway with a public IP.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.1
Azure Defender for App Service should be enabled	Azure Defender for App Service leverages the scale of the cloud, and the visibility that Azure has as a cloud provider, to monitor for common web app attacks.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for Azure SQL Database servers should be enabled	Azure Defender for SQL provides functionality for surfacing and mitigating potential database vulnerabilities, detecting anomalous activities that could indicate threats to SQL databases, and discovering and classifying sensitive data.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Defender for Key Vault should be enabled	Azure Defender for Key Vault provides an additional layer of protection and security intelligence by detecting unusual and potentially harmful attempts to access or exploit key vault accounts.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for Resource Manager should be enabled	Azure Defender for Resource Manager automatically monitors the resource management operations in your organization. Azure Defender detects threats and alerts you about suspicious activity. Learn more about the capabilities of Azure Defender for Resource Manager at https://aka.ms/defender-for-resource-manager . Enabling this Azure Defender plan results in charges. Learn about the pricing details per region on Security Center's pricing page: https://aka.ms/pricing-security-center .	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Defender for servers should be enabled	Azure Defender for servers provides real-time threat protection for server workloads and generates hardening recommendations as well as alerts about suspicious activities.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for SQL servers on machines should be enabled	Azure Defender for SQL provides functionality for surfacing and mitigating potential database vulnerabilities, detecting anomalous activities that could indicate threats to SQL databases, and discovering and classifying sensitive data.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Defender for SQL should be enabled for unprotected Azure SQL servers	Audit SQL servers without Advanced Data Security	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.1
Azure Defender for SQL should be enabled for unprotected SQL Managed Instances	Audit each SQL Managed Instance without advanced data security.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Web Application Firewall should be enabled for Azure Front Door entry-points	Deploy Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) in front of public facing web applications for additional inspection of incoming traffic. Web Application Firewall (WAF) provides centralized protection of your web applications from common exploits and vulnerabilities such as SQL injections, Cross-Site Scripting, local and remote file executions. You can also restrict access to your web applications by countries, IP address ranges, and other http(s) parameters via custom rules.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.2
Function apps should use latest 'HTTP Version'	Periodically, newer versions are released for HTTP either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest HTTP version for web apps to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the newer version.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.0.0
IP Forwarding on your virtual machine should be disabled	Enabling IP forwarding on a virtual machine's NIC allows the machine to receive traffic addressed to other destinations. IP forwarding is rarely required (e.g., when using the VM as a network virtual appliance), and therefore, this should be reviewed by the network security team.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Kubernetes Services should be upgraded to a non-vulnerable Kubernetes version	Upgrade your Kubernetes service cluster to a later Kubernetes version to protect against known vulnerabilities in your current Kubernetes version. Vulnerability CVE-2019-9946 has been patched in Kubernetes versions 1.11.9+, 1.12.7+, 1.13.5+, and 1.14.0+	Audit, Disabled	1.0.2
Microsoft Defender for Containers should be enabled	Microsoft Defender for Containers provides hardening, vulnerability assessment and run-time protections for your Azure, hybrid, and multi-cloud Kubernetes environments.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Microsoft Defender for Storage should be enabled	Microsoft Defender for Storage detects potential threats to your storage accounts. It helps prevent the three major impacts on your data and workload: malicious file uploads, sensitive data exfiltration, and data corruption. The new Defender for Storage plan includes Malware Scanning and Sensitive Data Threat Detection. This plan also provides a predictable pricing structure (per storage account) for control over coverage and costs.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Vulnerabilities in security configuration on your machines should be remediated	Servers which do not satisfy the configured baseline will be monitored by Azure Security Center as recommendations	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
Vulnerability assessment should be enabled on SQL Managed Instance	Audit each SQL Managed Instance which doesn't have recurring vulnerability assessment scans enabled. Vulnerability assessment can discover, track, and help you remediate potential database vulnerabilities.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.1
Vulnerability assessment should be enabled on your SQL servers	Audit Azure SQL servers which do not have vulnerability assessment properly configured. Vulnerability assessment can discover, track, and help you remediate potential database vulnerabilities.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Web Application Firewall (WAF) should be enabled for Application Gateway	Deploy Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) in front of public facing web applications for additional inspection of incoming traffic. Web Application Firewall (WAF) provides centralized protection of your web applications from common exploits and vulnerabilities such as SQL injections, Cross-Site Scripting, local and remote file executions. You can also restrict access to your web applications by countries, IP address ranges, and other http(s) parameters via custom rules.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Windows Defender Exploit Guard should be enabled on your machines	Windows Defender Exploit Guard uses the Azure Policy Guest Configuration agent. Exploit Guard has four components that are designed to lock down devices against a wide variety of attack vectors and block behaviors commonly used in malware attacks while enabling enterprises to balance their security risk and productivity requirements (Windows only).	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0

U.10.2 Access to IT services and data - Users

Under the responsibility of the CSP, access is granted to administrators.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.10.2 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
A maximum of 3 owners should be designated for your subscription	It is recommended to designate up to 3 subscription owners in order to reduce the potential for breach by a compromised owner.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Accounts with owner permissions on Azure resources should be MFA enabled	Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) should be enabled for all subscription accounts with owner permissions to prevent a breach of accounts or resources.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Accounts with read permissions on Azure resources should be MFA enabled	Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) should be enabled for all subscription accounts with read privileges to prevent a breach of accounts or resources.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Accounts with write permissions on Azure resources should be MFA enabled	Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) should be enabled for all subscription accounts with write privileges to prevent a breach of accounts or resources.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
An Azure Active Directory administrator should be provisioned for SQL servers	Audit provisioning of an Azure Active Directory administrator for your SQL server to enable Azure AD authentication. Azure AD authentication enables simplified permission management and centralized identity management of database users and other Microsoft services	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
App Service apps should use managed identity	Use a managed identity for enhanced authentication security	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Audit Linux machines that allow remote connections from accounts without passwords	Requires that prerequisites are deployed to the policy assignment scope. For details, visit https://aka.ms/gcpol. Machines are non-compliant if Linux machines that allow remote connections from accounts without passwords	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
Audit Linux machines that have accounts without passwords	Requires that prerequisites are deployed to the policy assignment scope. For details, visit https://aka.ms/gcpol. Machines are non-compliant if Linux machines that have accounts without passwords	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
Audit usage of custom RBAC roles	Audit built-in roles such as 'Owner, Contributer, Reader' instead of custom RBAC roles, which are error prone. Using custom roles is treated as an exception and requires a rigorous review and threat modeling	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Audit VMs that do not use managed disks	This policy audits VMs that do not use managed disks	audit	1.0.0
Azure AI Services resources should have key access disabled (disable local authentication)	Key access (local authentication) is recommended to be disabled for security. Azure OpenAI Studio, typically used in development/testing, requires key access and will not function if key access is disabled. After disabling, Microsoft Entra ID becomes the only access method, which allows maintaining minimum privilege principle and granular control. Learn more at: https://aka.ms/AI/auth	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Machine Learning Computes should have local authentication methods disabled	Disabling local authentication methods improves security by ensuring that Machine Learning Computes require Azure Active Directory identities exclusively for authentication. Learn more at: https://aka.ms/azure-ml-aad-policy.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.1.0
Blocked accounts with owner permissions on Azure resources should be removed	Deprecated accounts with owner permissions should be removed from your subscription. Deprecated accounts are accounts that have been blocked from signing in.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Blocked accounts with read and write permissions on Azure resources should be removed	Deprecated accounts should be removed from your subscriptions. Deprecated accounts are accounts that have been blocked from signing in.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Function apps should use managed identity	Use a managed identity for enhanced authentication security	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Guest accounts with owner permissions on Azure resources should be removed	External accounts with owner permissions should be removed from your subscription in order to prevent unmonitored access.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Guest accounts with read permissions on Azure resources should be removed	External accounts with read privileges should be removed from your subscription in order to prevent unmonitored access.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Guest accounts with write permissions on Azure resources should be removed	External accounts with write privileges should be removed from your subscription in order to prevent unmonitored access.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) should be used on Kubernetes Services	To provide granular filtering on the actions that users can perform, use Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) to manage permissions in Kubernetes Service Clusters and configure relevant authorization policies.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.4
Service Fabric clusters should only use Azure Active Directory for client authentication	Audit usage of client authentication only via Azure Active Directory in Service Fabric	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Storage accounts should be migrated to new Azure Resource Manager resources	Use new Azure Resource Manager for your storage accounts to provide security enhancements such as: stronger access control (RBAC), better auditing, Azure Resource Manager based deployment and governance, access to managed identities, access to key vault for secrets, Azure AD-based authentication and support for tags and resource groups for easier security management	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Storage accounts should prevent shared key access	Audit requirement of Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) to authorize requests for your storage account. By default, requests can be authorized with either Azure Active Directory credentials, or by using the account access key for Shared Key authorization. Of these two types of authorization, Azure AD provides superior security and ease of use over Shared Key, and is recommended by Microsoft.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
There should be more than one owner assigned to your subscription	It is recommended to designate more than one subscription owner in order to have administrator access redundancy.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Virtual machines should be migrated to new Azure Resource Manager resources	Use new Azure Resource Manager for your virtual machines to provide security enhancements such as: stronger access control (RBAC), better auditing, Azure Resource Manager based deployment and governance, access to managed identities, access to key vault for secrets, Azure AD-based authentication and support for tags and resource groups for easier security management	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
VPN gateways should use only Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) authentication for point-to-site users	Disabling local authentication methods improves security by ensuring that VPN Gateways use only Azure Active Directory identities for authentication. Learn more about Azure AD authentication at https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/vpn-gateway/openvpn-azure-ad-tenant	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0

U.10.3 Access to IT services and data - Users

Only users with authenticated equipment can access IT services and data.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.10.3 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
A maximum of 3 owners should be designated for your subscription	It is recommended to designate up to 3 subscription owners in order to reduce the potential for breach by a compromised owner.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Accounts with owner permissions on Azure resources should be MFA enabled	Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) should be enabled for all subscription accounts with owner permissions to prevent a breach of accounts or resources.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Accounts with read permissions on Azure resources should be MFA enabled	Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) should be enabled for all subscription accounts with read privileges to prevent a breach of accounts or resources.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Accounts with write permissions on Azure resources should be MFA enabled	Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) should be enabled for all subscription accounts with write privileges to prevent a breach of accounts or resources.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
An Azure Active Directory administrator should be provisioned for SQL servers	Audit provisioning of an Azure Active Directory administrator for your SQL server to enable Azure AD authentication. Azure AD authentication enables simplified permission management and centralized identity management of database users and other Microsoft services	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
App Service apps should have Client Certificates (Incoming client certificates) enabled	Client certificates allow for the app to request a certificate for incoming requests. Only clients that have a valid certificate will be able to reach the app. This policy applies to apps with Http version set to 1.1.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
App Service apps should use managed identity	Use a managed identity for enhanced authentication security	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Audit Linux machines that allow remote connections from accounts without passwords	Requires that prerequisites are deployed to the policy assignment scope. For details, visit https://aka.ms/gcpol. Machines are non-compliant if Linux machines that allow remote connections from accounts without passwords	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
Audit Linux machines that have accounts without passwords	Requires that prerequisites are deployed to the policy assignment scope. For details, visit https://aka.ms/gcpol. Machines are non-compliant if Linux machines that have accounts without passwords	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
Audit usage of custom RBAC roles	Audit built-in roles such as 'Owner, Contributer, Reader' instead of custom RBAC roles, which are error prone. Using custom roles is treated as an exception and requires a rigorous review and threat modeling	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Audit VMs that do not use managed disks	This policy audits VMs that do not use managed disks	audit	1.0.0
Azure AI Services resources should have key access disabled (disable local authentication)	Key access (local authentication) is recommended to be disabled for security. Azure OpenAI Studio, typically used in development/testing, requires key access and will not function if key access is disabled. After disabling, Microsoft Entra ID becomes the only access method, which allows maintaining minimum privilege principle and granular control. Learn more at: https://aka.ms/AI/auth	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Machine Learning Computes should have local authentication methods disabled	Disabling local authentication methods improves security by ensuring that Machine Learning Computes require Azure Active Directory identities exclusively for authentication. Learn more at: https://aka.ms/azure-ml-aad-policy.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.1.0
Blocked accounts with owner permissions on Azure resources should be removed	Deprecated accounts with owner permissions should be removed from your subscription. Deprecated accounts are accounts that have been blocked from signing in.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Blocked accounts with read and write permissions on Azure resources should be removed	Deprecated accounts should be removed from your subscriptions. Deprecated accounts are accounts that have been blocked from signing in.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Function apps should use managed identity	Use a managed identity for enhanced authentication security	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Guest accounts with owner permissions on Azure resources should be removed	External accounts with owner permissions should be removed from your subscription in order to prevent unmonitored access.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Guest accounts with read permissions on Azure resources should be removed	External accounts with read privileges should be removed from your subscription in order to prevent unmonitored access.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Guest accounts with write permissions on Azure resources should be removed	External accounts with write privileges should be removed from your subscription in order to prevent unmonitored access.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) should be used on Kubernetes Services	To provide granular filtering on the actions that users can perform, use Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) to manage permissions in Kubernetes Service Clusters and configure relevant authorization policies.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.4
Service Fabric clusters should only use Azure Active Directory for client authentication	Audit usage of client authentication only via Azure Active Directory in Service Fabric	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
SQL servers with auditing to storage account destination should be configured with 90 days retention or higher	For incident investigation purposes, we recommend setting the data retention for your SQL Server' auditing to storage account destination to at least 90 days. Confirm that you are meeting the necessary retention rules for the regions in which you are operating. This is sometimes required for compliance with regulatory standards.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Storage accounts should be migrated to new Azure Resource Manager resources	Use new Azure Resource Manager for your storage accounts to provide security enhancements such as: stronger access control (RBAC), better auditing, Azure Resource Manager based deployment and governance, access to managed identities, access to key vault for secrets, Azure AD-based authentication and support for tags and resource groups for easier security management	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Storage accounts should prevent shared key access	Audit requirement of Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) to authorize requests for your storage account. By default, requests can be authorized with either Azure Active Directory credentials, or by using the account access key for Shared Key authorization. Of these two types of authorization, Azure AD provides superior security and ease of use over Shared Key, and is recommended by Microsoft.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Virtual machines should be migrated to new Azure Resource Manager resources	Use new Azure Resource Manager for your virtual machines to provide security enhancements such as: stronger access control (RBAC), better auditing, Azure Resource Manager based deployment and governance, access to managed identities, access to key vault for secrets, Azure AD-based authentication and support for tags and resource groups for easier security management	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
VPN gateways should use only Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) authentication for point-to-site users	Disabling local authentication methods improves security by ensuring that VPN Gateways use only Azure Active Directory identities for authentication. Learn more about Azure AD authentication at https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/vpn-gateway/openvpn-azure-ad-tenant	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0

U.10.5 Access to IT services and data - Competent

Access to IT services and data is limited by technical measures and has been implemented.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.10.5 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
A maximum of 3 owners should be designated for your subscription	It is recommended to designate up to 3 subscription owners in order to reduce the potential for breach by a compromised owner.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Accounts with owner permissions on Azure resources should be MFA enabled	Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) should be enabled for all subscription accounts with owner permissions to prevent a breach of accounts or resources.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Accounts with read permissions on Azure resources should be MFA enabled	Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) should be enabled for all subscription accounts with read privileges to prevent a breach of accounts or resources.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Accounts with write permissions on Azure resources should be MFA enabled	Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) should be enabled for all subscription accounts with write privileges to prevent a breach of accounts or resources.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
An Azure Active Directory administrator should be provisioned for SQL servers	Audit provisioning of an Azure Active Directory administrator for your SQL server to enable Azure AD authentication. Azure AD authentication enables simplified permission management and centralized identity management of database users and other Microsoft services	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
App Service apps should use managed identity	Use a managed identity for enhanced authentication security	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Audit Linux machines that allow remote connections from accounts without passwords	Requires that prerequisites are deployed to the policy assignment scope. For details, visit https://aka.ms/gcpol. Machines are non-compliant if Linux machines that allow remote connections from accounts without passwords	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
Audit Linux machines that have accounts without passwords	Requires that prerequisites are deployed to the policy assignment scope. For details, visit https://aka.ms/gcpol. Machines are non-compliant if Linux machines that have accounts without passwords	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
Audit usage of custom RBAC roles	Audit built-in roles such as 'Owner, Contributer, Reader' instead of custom RBAC roles, which are error prone. Using custom roles is treated as an exception and requires a rigorous review and threat modeling	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Audit VMs that do not use managed disks	This policy audits VMs that do not use managed disks	audit	1.0.0
Azure AI Services resources should have key access disabled (disable local authentication)	Key access (local authentication) is recommended to be disabled for security. Azure OpenAI Studio, typically used in development/testing, requires key access and will not function if key access is disabled. After disabling, Microsoft Entra ID becomes the only access method, which allows maintaining minimum privilege principle and granular control. Learn more at: https://aka.ms/AI/auth	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Machine Learning Computes should have local authentication methods disabled	Disabling local authentication methods improves security by ensuring that Machine Learning Computes require Azure Active Directory identities exclusively for authentication. Learn more at: https://aka.ms/azure-ml-aad-policy.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.1.0
Blocked accounts with owner permissions on Azure resources should be removed	Deprecated accounts with owner permissions should be removed from your subscription. Deprecated accounts are accounts that have been blocked from signing in.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Blocked accounts with read and write permissions on Azure resources should be removed	Deprecated accounts should be removed from your subscriptions. Deprecated accounts are accounts that have been blocked from signing in.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Function apps should use managed identity	Use a managed identity for enhanced authentication security	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Guest accounts with owner permissions on Azure resources should be removed	External accounts with owner permissions should be removed from your subscription in order to prevent unmonitored access.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Guest accounts with read permissions on Azure resources should be removed	External accounts with read privileges should be removed from your subscription in order to prevent unmonitored access.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Guest accounts with write permissions on Azure resources should be removed	External accounts with write privileges should be removed from your subscription in order to prevent unmonitored access.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) should be used on Kubernetes Services	To provide granular filtering on the actions that users can perform, use Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) to manage permissions in Kubernetes Service Clusters and configure relevant authorization policies.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.4
Service Fabric clusters should only use Azure Active Directory for client authentication	Audit usage of client authentication only via Azure Active Directory in Service Fabric	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Storage accounts should be migrated to new Azure Resource Manager resources	Use new Azure Resource Manager for your storage accounts to provide security enhancements such as: stronger access control (RBAC), better auditing, Azure Resource Manager based deployment and governance, access to managed identities, access to key vault for secrets, Azure AD-based authentication and support for tags and resource groups for easier security management	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Storage accounts should prevent shared key access	Audit requirement of Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) to authorize requests for your storage account. By default, requests can be authorized with either Azure Active Directory credentials, or by using the account access key for Shared Key authorization. Of these two types of authorization, Azure AD provides superior security and ease of use over Shared Key, and is recommended by Microsoft.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Virtual machines should be migrated to new Azure Resource Manager resources	Use new Azure Resource Manager for your virtual machines to provide security enhancements such as: stronger access control (RBAC), better auditing, Azure Resource Manager based deployment and governance, access to managed identities, access to key vault for secrets, Azure AD-based authentication and support for tags and resource groups for easier security management	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
VPN gateways should use only Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) authentication for point-to-site users	Disabling local authentication methods improves security by ensuring that VPN Gateways use only Azure Active Directory identities for authentication. Learn more about Azure AD authentication at https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/vpn-gateway/openvpn-azure-ad-tenant	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0

U.11.1 Cryptoservices - Policy

In the cryptography policy, at least the subjects in accordance with BIO have been elaborated.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.11.1 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
Accounts with write permissions on Azure resources should be MFA enabled	Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) should be enabled for all subscription accounts with write privileges to prevent a breach of accounts or resources.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
App Service apps should only be accessible over HTTPS	Use of HTTPS ensures server/service authentication and protects data in transit from network layer eavesdropping attacks.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	4.0.0
App Service apps should require FTPS only	Enable FTPS enforcement for enhanced security.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
App Service apps should use the latest TLS version	Periodically, newer versions are released for TLS either due to security flaws, include additional functionality, and enhance speed. Upgrade to the latest TLS version for App Service apps to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.1.0
Audit Windows machines that do not store passwords using reversible encryption	Requires that prerequisites are deployed to the policy assignment scope. For details, visit https://aka.ms/gcpol. Machines are non-compliant if Windows machines that do not store passwords using reversible encryption	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Automation account variables should be encrypted	It is important to enable encryption of Automation account variable assets when storing sensitive data	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure HDInsight clusters should use encryption in transit to encrypt communication between Azure HDInsight cluster nodes	Data can be tampered with during transmission between Azure HDInsight cluster nodes. Enabling encryption in transit addresses problems of misuse and tampering during this transmission.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Enforce SSL connection should be enabled for MySQL database servers	Azure Database for MySQL supports connecting your Azure Database for MySQL server to client applications using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Enforcing SSL connections between your database server and your client applications helps protect against 'man in the middle' attacks by encrypting the data stream between the server and your application. This configuration enforces that SSL is always enabled for accessing your database server.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Enforce SSL connection should be enabled for PostgreSQL database servers	Azure Database for PostgreSQL supports connecting your Azure Database for PostgreSQL server to client applications using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Enforcing SSL connections between your database server and your client applications helps protect against 'man in the middle' attacks by encrypting the data stream between the server and your application. This configuration enforces that SSL is always enabled for accessing your database server.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Function apps should only be accessible over HTTPS	Use of HTTPS ensures server/service authentication and protects data in transit from network layer eavesdropping attacks.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	5.0.0
Function apps should require FTPS only	Enable FTPS enforcement for enhanced security.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Function apps should use the latest TLS version	Periodically, newer versions are released for TLS either due to security flaws, include additional functionality, and enhance speed. Upgrade to the latest TLS version for Function apps to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.1.0
Kubernetes clusters should be accessible only over HTTPS	Use of HTTPS ensures authentication and protects data in transit from network layer eavesdropping attacks. This capability is currently generally available for Kubernetes Service (AKS), and in preview for Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes. For more info, visit https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	8.2.0
Only secure connections to your Azure Cache for Redis should be enabled	Audit enabling of only connections via SSL to Azure Cache for Redis. Use of secure connections ensures authentication between the server and the service and protects data in transit from network layer attacks such as man-in-the-middle, eavesdropping, and session-hijacking	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Secure transfer to storage accounts should be enabled	Audit requirement of Secure transfer in your storage account. Secure transfer is an option that forces your storage account to accept requests only from secure connections (HTTPS). Use of HTTPS ensures authentication between the server and the service and protects data in transit from network layer attacks such as man-in-the-middle, eavesdropping, and session-hijacking	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Service Fabric clusters should have the ClusterProtectionLevel property set to EncryptAndSign	Service Fabric provides three levels of protection (None, Sign and EncryptAndSign) for node-to-node communication using a primary cluster certificate. Set the protection level to ensure that all node-to-node messages are encrypted and digitally signed	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Transparent Data Encryption on SQL databases should be enabled	Transparent data encryption should be enabled to protect data-at-rest and meet compliance requirements	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Windows machines should be configured to use secure communication protocols	To protect the privacy of information communicated over the Internet, your machines should use the latest version of the industry-standard cryptographic protocol, Transport Layer Security (TLS). TLS secures communications over a network by encrypting a connection between machines.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.1.1

U.11.2 Cryptoservices - Cryptographic measures

In case of PKIoverheid certificates use PKIoverheid requirements for key management. In other situations use ISO11770.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.11.2 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
Accounts with write permissions on Azure resources should be MFA enabled	Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) should be enabled for all subscription accounts with write privileges to prevent a breach of accounts or resources.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
App Service apps should only be accessible over HTTPS	Use of HTTPS ensures server/service authentication and protects data in transit from network layer eavesdropping attacks.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	4.0.0
App Service apps should require FTPS only	Enable FTPS enforcement for enhanced security.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
App Service apps should use the latest TLS version	Periodically, newer versions are released for TLS either due to security flaws, include additional functionality, and enhance speed. Upgrade to the latest TLS version for App Service apps to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.1.0
Audit Windows machines that do not store passwords using reversible encryption	Requires that prerequisites are deployed to the policy assignment scope. For details, visit https://aka.ms/gcpol. Machines are non-compliant if Windows machines that do not store passwords using reversible encryption	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Automation account variables should be encrypted	It is important to enable encryption of Automation account variable assets when storing sensitive data	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure HDInsight clusters should use encryption in transit to encrypt communication between Azure HDInsight cluster nodes	Data can be tampered with during transmission between Azure HDInsight cluster nodes. Enabling encryption in transit addresses problems of misuse and tampering during this transmission.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Enforce SSL connection should be enabled for MySQL database servers	Azure Database for MySQL supports connecting your Azure Database for MySQL server to client applications using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Enforcing SSL connections between your database server and your client applications helps protect against 'man in the middle' attacks by encrypting the data stream between the server and your application. This configuration enforces that SSL is always enabled for accessing your database server.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Enforce SSL connection should be enabled for PostgreSQL database servers	Azure Database for PostgreSQL supports connecting your Azure Database for PostgreSQL server to client applications using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Enforcing SSL connections between your database server and your client applications helps protect against 'man in the middle' attacks by encrypting the data stream between the server and your application. This configuration enforces that SSL is always enabled for accessing your database server.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.1
Function apps should only be accessible over HTTPS	Use of HTTPS ensures server/service authentication and protects data in transit from network layer eavesdropping attacks.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	5.0.0
Function apps should require FTPS only	Enable FTPS enforcement for enhanced security.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Function apps should use the latest TLS version	Periodically, newer versions are released for TLS either due to security flaws, include additional functionality, and enhance speed. Upgrade to the latest TLS version for Function apps to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the latest version.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.1.0
Kubernetes clusters should be accessible only over HTTPS	Use of HTTPS ensures authentication and protects data in transit from network layer eavesdropping attacks. This capability is currently generally available for Kubernetes Service (AKS), and in preview for Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes. For more info, visit https://aka.ms/kubepolicydoc	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	8.2.0
Only secure connections to your Azure Cache for Redis should be enabled	Audit enabling of only connections via SSL to Azure Cache for Redis. Use of secure connections ensures authentication between the server and the service and protects data in transit from network layer attacks such as man-in-the-middle, eavesdropping, and session-hijacking	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Secure transfer to storage accounts should be enabled	Audit requirement of Secure transfer in your storage account. Secure transfer is an option that forces your storage account to accept requests only from secure connections (HTTPS). Use of HTTPS ensures authentication between the server and the service and protects data in transit from network layer attacks such as man-in-the-middle, eavesdropping, and session-hijacking	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Service Fabric clusters should have the ClusterProtectionLevel property set to EncryptAndSign	Service Fabric provides three levels of protection (None, Sign and EncryptAndSign) for node-to-node communication using a primary cluster certificate. Set the protection level to ensure that all node-to-node messages are encrypted and digitally signed	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Transparent Data Encryption on SQL databases should be enabled	Transparent data encryption should be enabled to protect data-at-rest and meet compliance requirements	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Windows machines should be configured to use secure communication protocols	To protect the privacy of information communicated over the Internet, your machines should use the latest version of the industry-standard cryptographic protocol, Transport Layer Security (TLS). TLS secures communications over a network by encrypting a connection between machines.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.1.1

U.11.3 Cryptoservices - Encrypted

Sensitive data is always encrypted, with private keys managed by the CSC.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.11.3 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
[Preview]: Azure Recovery Services vaults should use customer-managed keys for encrypting backup data	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your backup data. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/AB-CmkEncryption.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0-preview
[Preview]: Guest Attestation extension should be installed on supported Linux virtual machines	Install Guest Attestation extension on supported Linux virtual machines to allow Azure Security Center to proactively attest and monitor the boot integrity. Once installed, boot integrity will be attested via Remote Attestation. This assessment applies to Trusted Launch and Confidential Linux virtual machines.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	6.0.0-preview
[Preview]: Guest Attestation extension should be installed on supported Linux virtual machines scale sets	Install Guest Attestation extension on supported Linux virtual machines scale sets to allow Azure Security Center to proactively attest and monitor the boot integrity. Once installed, boot integrity will be attested via Remote Attestation. This assessment applies to Trusted Launch and Confidential Linux virtual machine scale sets.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	5.1.0-preview
[Preview]: Guest Attestation extension should be installed on supported Windows virtual machines	Install Guest Attestation extension on supported virtual machines to allow Azure Security Center to proactively attest and monitor the boot integrity. Once installed, boot integrity will be attested via Remote Attestation. This assessment applies to Trusted Launch and Confidential Windows virtual machines.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	4.0.0-preview
[Preview]: Guest Attestation extension should be installed on supported Windows virtual machines scale sets	Install Guest Attestation extension on supported virtual machines scale sets to allow Azure Security Center to proactively attest and monitor the boot integrity. Once installed, boot integrity will be attested via Remote Attestation. This assessment applies to Trusted Launch and Confidential Windows virtual machine scale sets.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0-preview
[Preview]: IoT Hub device provisioning service data should be encrypted using customer-managed keys (CMK)	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your IoT Hub device provisioning service. The data is automatically encrypted at rest with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys (CMK) are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. CMKs enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. Learn more about CMK encryption at https://aka.ms/dps/CMK.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0-preview
[Preview]: Secure Boot should be enabled on supported Windows virtual machines	Enable Secure Boot on supported Windows virtual machines to mitigate against malicious and unauthorized changes to the boot chain. Once enabled, only trusted bootloaders, kernel and kernel drivers will be allowed to run. This assessment applies to Trusted Launch and Confidential Windows virtual machines.	Audit, Disabled	4.0.0-preview
[Preview]: vTPM should be enabled on supported virtual machines	Enable virtual TPM device on supported virtual machines to facilitate Measured Boot and other OS security features that require a TPM. Once enabled, vTPM can be used to attest boot integrity. This assessment only applies to trusted launch enabled virtual machines.	Audit, Disabled	2.0.0-preview
Azure AI Services resources should encrypt data at rest with a customer-managed key (CMK)	Using customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest provides more control over the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. This is particularly relevant for organizations with related compliance requirements. This is not assessed by default and should only be applied when required by compliance or restrictive policy requirements. If not enabled, the data will be encrypted using platform-managed keys. To implement this, update the 'Effect' parameter in the Security Policy for the applicable scope.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.2.0
Azure API for FHIR should use a customer-managed key to encrypt data at rest	Use a customer-managed key to control the encryption at rest of the data stored in Azure API for FHIR when this is a regulatory or compliance requirement. Customer-managed keys also deliver double encryption by adding a second layer of encryption on top of the default one done with service-managed keys.	audit, Audit, disabled, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Automation accounts should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your Azure Automation Accounts. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/automation-cmk.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Batch account should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your Batch account's data. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/Batch-CMK.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.1
Azure Batch pools should have disk encryption enabled	Enabling Azure Batch disk encryption ensures that data is always encrypted at rest on your Azure Batch compute node. Learn more about disk encryption in Batch at https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/batch/disk-encryption.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	1.0.0
Azure Container Instance container group should use customer-managed key for encryption	Secure your containers with greater flexibility using customer-managed keys. When you specify a customer-managed key, that key is used to protect and control access to the key that encrypts your data. Using customer-managed keys provides additional capabilities to control rotation of the key encryption key or cryptographically erase data.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	1.0.0
Azure Cosmos DB accounts should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your Azure Cosmos DB. By default, the data is encrypted at rest with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/cosmosdb-cmk.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Data Box jobs should enable double encryption for data at rest on the device	Enable a second layer of software-based encryption for data at rest on the device. The device is already protected via Advanced Encryption Standard 256-bit encryption for data at rest. This option adds a second layer of data encryption.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Data Box jobs should use a customer-managed key to encrypt the device unlock password	Use a customer-managed key to control the encryption of the device unlock password for Azure Data Box. Customer-managed keys also help manage access to the device unlock password by the Data Box service in order to prepare the device and copy data in an automated manner. The data on the device itself is already encrypted at rest with Advanced Encryption Standard 256-bit encryption, and the device unlock password is encrypted by default with a Microsoft managed key.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Data Explorer encryption at rest should use a customer-managed key	Enabling encryption at rest using a customer-managed key on your Azure Data Explorer cluster provides additional control over the key being used by the encryption at rest. This feature is oftentimes applicable to customers with special compliance requirements and requires a Key Vault to managing the keys.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure data factories should be encrypted with a customer-managed key	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your Azure Data Factory. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/adf-cmk.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.1
Azure Edge Hardware Center devices should have double encryption support enabled	Ensure that devices ordered from Azure Edge Hardware Center have double encryption support enabled, to secure the data at rest on the device. This option adds a second layer of data encryption.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Azure HDInsight clusters should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your Azure HDInsight clusters. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/hdi.cmk.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.1
Azure HDInsight clusters should use encryption at host to encrypt data at rest	Enabling encryption at host helps protect and safeguard your data to meet your organizational security and compliance commitments. When you enable encryption at host, data stored on the VM host is encrypted at rest and flows encrypted to the Storage service.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Machine Learning workspaces should be encrypted with a customer-managed key	Manage encryption at rest of Azure Machine Learning workspace data with customer-managed keys. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/azureml-workspaces-cmk.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Monitor Logs clusters should be created with infrastructure-encryption enabled (double encryption)	To ensure secure data encryption is enabled at the service level and the infrastructure level with two different encryption algorithms and two different keys, use an Azure Monitor dedicated cluster. This option is enabled by default when supported at the region, see https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-monitor/platform/customer-managed-keys#customer-managed-key-overview.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Monitor Logs clusters should be encrypted with customer-managed key	Create Azure Monitor logs cluster with customer-managed keys encryption. By default, the log data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance. Customer-managed key in Azure Monitor gives you more control over the access to you data, see https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-monitor/platform/customer-managed-keys.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Stream Analytics jobs should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data	Use customer-managed keys when you want to securely store any metadata and private data assets of your Stream Analytics jobs in your storage account. This gives you total control over how your Stream Analytics data is encrypted.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	1.1.0
Azure Synapse workspaces should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Use customer-managed keys to control the encryption at rest of the data stored in Azure Synapse workspaces. Customer-managed keys deliver double encryption by adding a second layer of encryption on top of the default encryption with service-managed keys.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Bot Service should be encrypted with a customer-managed key	Azure Bot Service automatically encrypts your resource to protect your data and meet organizational security and compliance commitments. By default, Microsoft-managed encryption keys are used. For greater flexibility in managing keys or controlling access to your subscription, select customer-managed keys, also known as bring your own key (BYOK). Learn more about Azure Bot Service encryption: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/bot-service/bot-service-encryption.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	1.1.0
Both operating systems and data disks in Azure Kubernetes Service clusters should be encrypted by customer-managed keys	Encrypting OS and data disks using customer-managed keys provides more control and greater flexibility in key management. This is a common requirement in many regulatory and industry compliance standards.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.1
Container registries should be encrypted with a customer-managed key	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of the contents of your registries. By default, the data is encrypted at rest with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/acr/CMK.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.2
Disk encryption should be enabled on Azure Data Explorer	Enabling disk encryption helps protect and safeguard your data to meet your organizational security and compliance commitments.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Double encryption should be enabled on Azure Data Explorer	Enabling double encryption helps protect and safeguard your data to meet your organizational security and compliance commitments. When double encryption has been enabled, data in the storage account is encrypted twice, once at the service level and once at the infrastructure level, using two different encryption algorithms and two different keys.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
Event Hub namespaces should use a customer-managed key for encryption	Azure Event Hubs supports the option of encrypting data at rest with either Microsoft-managed keys (default) or customer-managed keys. Choosing to encrypt data using customer-managed keys enables you to assign, rotate, disable, and revoke access to the keys that Event Hub will use to encrypt data in your namespace. Note that Event Hub only supports encryption with customer-managed keys for namespaces in dedicated clusters.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.0
HPC Cache accounts should use customer-managed key for encryption	Manage encryption at rest of Azure HPC Cache with customer-managed keys. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management.	Audit, Disabled, Deny	2.0.0
Infrastructure encryption should be enabled for Azure Database for MySQL servers	Enable infrastructure encryption for Azure Database for MySQL servers to have higher level of assurance that the data is secure. When infrastructure encryption is enabled, the data at rest is encrypted twice using FIPS 140-2 compliant Microsoft managed keys.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Infrastructure encryption should be enabled for Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers	Enable infrastructure encryption for Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers to have higher level of assurance that the data is secure. When infrastructure encryption is enabled, the data at rest is encrypted twice using FIPS 140-2 compliant Microsoft managed keys	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Logic Apps Integration Service Environment should be encrypted with customer-managed keys	Deploy into Integration Service Environment to manage encryption at rest of Logic Apps data using customer-managed keys. By default, customer data is encrypted with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Managed disks should be double encrypted with both platform-managed and customer-managed keys	High security sensitive customers who are concerned of the risk associated with any particular encryption algorithm, implementation, or key being compromised can opt for additional layer of encryption using a different encryption algorithm/mode at the infrastructure layer using platform managed encryption keys. The disk encryption sets are required to use double encryption. Learn more at https://aka.ms/disks-doubleEncryption.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
MySQL servers should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your MySQL servers. By default, the data is encrypted at rest with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.4
OS and data disks should be encrypted with a customer-managed key	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of the contents of your managed disks. By default, the data is encrypted at rest with platform-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more at https://aka.ms/disks-cmk.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	3.0.0
PostgreSQL servers should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your PostgreSQL servers. By default, the data is encrypted at rest with service-managed keys, but customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance standards. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure Key Vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.4
Saved-queries in Azure Monitor should be saved in customer storage account for logs encryption	Link storage account to Log Analytics workspace to protect saved-queries with storage account encryption. Customer-managed keys are commonly required to meet regulatory compliance and for more control over the access to your saved-queries in Azure Monitor. For more details on the above, see https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-monitor/platform/customer-managed-keys?tabs=portal#customer-managed-key-for-saved-queries.	audit, Audit, deny, Deny, disabled, Disabled	1.1.0
Service Bus Premium namespaces should use a customer-managed key for encryption	Azure Service Bus supports the option of encrypting data at rest with either Microsoft-managed keys (default) or customer-managed keys. Choosing to encrypt data using customer-managed keys enables you to assign, rotate, disable, and revoke access to the keys that Service Bus will use to encrypt data in your namespace. Note that Service Bus only supports encryption with customer-managed keys for premium namespaces.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.0
SQL managed instances should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Implementing Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) with your own key provides you with increased transparency and control over the TDE Protector, increased security with an HSM-backed external service, and promotion of separation of duties. This recommendation applies to organizations with a related compliance requirement.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0
SQL servers should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Implementing Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) with your own key provides increased transparency and control over the TDE Protector, increased security with an HSM-backed external service, and promotion of separation of duties. This recommendation applies to organizations with a related compliance requirement.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.1
Storage account encryption scopes should use customer-managed keys to encrypt data at rest	Use customer-managed keys to manage the encryption at rest of your storage account encryption scopes. Customer-managed keys enable the data to be encrypted with an Azure key-vault key created and owned by you. You have full control and responsibility for the key lifecycle, including rotation and management. Learn more about storage account encryption scopes at https://aka.ms/encryption-scopes-overview.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Storage accounts should have infrastructure encryption	Enable infrastructure encryption for higher level of assurance that the data is secure. When infrastructure encryption is enabled, data in a storage account is encrypted twice.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0
Storage accounts should use customer-managed key for encryption	Secure your blob and file storage account with greater flexibility using customer-managed keys. When you specify a customer-managed key, that key is used to protect and control access to the key that encrypts your data. Using customer-managed keys provides additional capabilities to control rotation of the key encryption key or cryptographically erase data.	Audit, Disabled	1.0.3
Temp disks and cache for agent node pools in Azure Kubernetes Service clusters should be encrypted at host	To enhance data security, the data stored on the virtual machine (VM) host of your Azure Kubernetes Service nodes VMs should be encrypted at rest. This is a common requirement in many regulatory and industry compliance standards.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.1
Transparent Data Encryption on SQL databases should be enabled	Transparent data encryption should be enabled to protect data-at-rest and meet compliance requirements	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Virtual machines and virtual machine scale sets should have encryption at host enabled	Use encryption at host to get end-to-end encryption for your virtual machine and virtual machine scale set data. Encryption at host enables encryption at rest for your temporary disk and OS/data disk caches. Temporary and ephemeral OS disks are encrypted with platform-managed keys when encryption at host is enabled. OS/data disk caches are encrypted at rest with either customer-managed or platform-managed key, depending on the encryption type selected on the disk. Learn more at https://aka.ms/vm-hbe.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.0

U.12.1 Interfaces - Network connections

In connection points with external or untrusted zones, measures are taken against attacks.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.12.1 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
All network ports should be restricted on network security groups associated to your virtual machine	Azure Security Center has identified some of your network security groups' inbound rules to be too permissive. Inbound rules should not allow access from 'Any' or 'Internet' ranges. This can potentially enable attackers to target your resources.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Azure DDoS Protection should be enabled	DDoS protection should be enabled for all virtual networks with a subnet that is part of an application gateway with a public IP.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.1
Azure Web Application Firewall should be enabled for Azure Front Door entry-points	Deploy Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) in front of public facing web applications for additional inspection of incoming traffic. Web Application Firewall (WAF) provides centralized protection of your web applications from common exploits and vulnerabilities such as SQL injections, Cross-Site Scripting, local and remote file executions. You can also restrict access to your web applications by countries, IP address ranges, and other http(s) parameters via custom rules.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.2
IP Forwarding on your virtual machine should be disabled	Enabling IP forwarding on a virtual machine's NIC allows the machine to receive traffic addressed to other destinations. IP forwarding is rarely required (e.g., when using the VM as a network virtual appliance), and therefore, this should be reviewed by the network security team.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Storage accounts should restrict network access	Network access to storage accounts should be restricted. Configure network rules so only applications from allowed networks can access the storage account. To allow connections from specific internet or on-premises clients, access can be granted to traffic from specific Azure virtual networks or to public internet IP address ranges	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.1
Web Application Firewall (WAF) should be enabled for Application Gateway	Deploy Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) in front of public facing web applications for additional inspection of incoming traffic. Web Application Firewall (WAF) provides centralized protection of your web applications from common exploits and vulnerabilities such as SQL injections, Cross-Site Scripting, local and remote file executions. You can also restrict access to your web applications by countries, IP address ranges, and other http(s) parameters via custom rules.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0

U.12.2 Interfaces - Network connections

Network components are such that network connections between trusted and untrusted networks are limited.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.12.2 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
All network ports should be restricted on network security groups associated to your virtual machine	Azure Security Center has identified some of your network security groups' inbound rules to be too permissive. Inbound rules should not allow access from 'Any' or 'Internet' ranges. This can potentially enable attackers to target your resources.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Azure DDoS Protection should be enabled	DDoS protection should be enabled for all virtual networks with a subnet that is part of an application gateway with a public IP.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.1
Azure Web Application Firewall should be enabled for Azure Front Door entry-points	Deploy Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) in front of public facing web applications for additional inspection of incoming traffic. Web Application Firewall (WAF) provides centralized protection of your web applications from common exploits and vulnerabilities such as SQL injections, Cross-Site Scripting, local and remote file executions. You can also restrict access to your web applications by countries, IP address ranges, and other http(s) parameters via custom rules.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.0.2
IP Forwarding on your virtual machine should be disabled	Enabling IP forwarding on a virtual machine's NIC allows the machine to receive traffic addressed to other destinations. IP forwarding is rarely required (e.g., when using the VM as a network virtual appliance), and therefore, this should be reviewed by the network security team.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Storage accounts should restrict network access	Network access to storage accounts should be restricted. Configure network rules so only applications from allowed networks can access the storage account. To allow connections from specific internet or on-premises clients, access can be granted to traffic from specific Azure virtual networks or to public internet IP address ranges	Audit, Deny, Disabled	1.1.1
Web Application Firewall (WAF) should be enabled for Application Gateway	Deploy Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) in front of public facing web applications for additional inspection of incoming traffic. Web Application Firewall (WAF) provides centralized protection of your web applications from common exploits and vulnerabilities such as SQL injections, Cross-Site Scripting, local and remote file executions. You can also restrict access to your web applications by countries, IP address ranges, and other http(s) parameters via custom rules.	Audit, Deny, Disabled	2.0.0

U.15.1 Logging and monitoring - Events logged

The violation of the policy rules is recorded by the CSP and the CSC.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.15.1 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
[Preview]: Azure Arc enabled Kubernetes clusters should have Microsoft Defender for Cloud extension installed	Microsoft Defender for Cloud extension for Azure Arc provides threat protection for your Arc enabled Kubernetes clusters. The extension collects data from all nodes in the cluster and sends it to the Azure Defender for Kubernetes backend in the cloud for further analysis. Learn more in https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/defender-for-cloud/defender-for-containers-enable?pivots=defender-for-container-arc.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	6.0.0-preview
[Preview]: Log Analytics Extension should be enabled for listed virtual machine images	Reports virtual machines as non-compliant if the virtual machine image is not in the list defined and the extension is not installed.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.1-preview
[Preview]: Log Analytics extension should be installed on your Linux Azure Arc machines	This policy audits Linux Azure Arc machines if the Log Analytics extension is not installed.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.1-preview
[Preview]: Log Analytics extension should be installed on your Windows Azure Arc machines	This policy audits Windows Azure Arc machines if the Log Analytics extension is not installed.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.1-preview
[Preview]: Network traffic data collection agent should be installed on Linux virtual machines	Security Center uses the Microsoft Dependency agent to collect network traffic data from your Azure virtual machines to enable advanced network protection features such as traffic visualization on the network map, network hardening recommendations and specific network threats.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2-preview
[Preview]: Network traffic data collection agent should be installed on Windows virtual machines	Security Center uses the Microsoft Dependency agent to collect network traffic data from your Azure virtual machines to enable advanced network protection features such as traffic visualization on the network map, network hardening recommendations and specific network threats.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2-preview
App Service apps should have resource logs enabled	Audit enabling of resource logs on the app. This enables you to recreate activity trails for investigation purposes if a security incident occurs or your network is compromised.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.1
Audit diagnostic setting for selected resource types	Audit diagnostic setting for selected resource types. Be sure to select only resource types which support diagnostics settings.	AuditIfNotExists	2.0.1
Auditing on SQL server should be enabled	Auditing on your SQL Server should be enabled to track database activities across all databases on the server and save them in an audit log.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Azure Defender for App Service should be enabled	Azure Defender for App Service leverages the scale of the cloud, and the visibility that Azure has as a cloud provider, to monitor for common web app attacks.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for Azure SQL Database servers should be enabled	Azure Defender for SQL provides functionality for surfacing and mitigating potential database vulnerabilities, detecting anomalous activities that could indicate threats to SQL databases, and discovering and classifying sensitive data.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Defender for Key Vault should be enabled	Azure Defender for Key Vault provides an additional layer of protection and security intelligence by detecting unusual and potentially harmful attempts to access or exploit key vault accounts.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for Resource Manager should be enabled	Azure Defender for Resource Manager automatically monitors the resource management operations in your organization. Azure Defender detects threats and alerts you about suspicious activity. Learn more about the capabilities of Azure Defender for Resource Manager at https://aka.ms/defender-for-resource-manager . Enabling this Azure Defender plan results in charges. Learn about the pricing details per region on Security Center's pricing page: https://aka.ms/pricing-security-center .	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Defender for servers should be enabled	Azure Defender for servers provides real-time threat protection for server workloads and generates hardening recommendations as well as alerts about suspicious activities.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Azure Defender for SQL servers on machines should be enabled	Azure Defender for SQL provides functionality for surfacing and mitigating potential database vulnerabilities, detecting anomalous activities that could indicate threats to SQL databases, and discovering and classifying sensitive data.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Defender for SQL should be enabled for unprotected Azure SQL servers	Audit SQL servers without Advanced Data Security	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.1
Azure Defender for SQL should be enabled for unprotected SQL Managed Instances	Audit each SQL Managed Instance without advanced data security.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.2
Azure Front Door should have Resource logs enabled	Enable Resource logs for Azure Front Door (plus WAF) and stream to a Log Analytics workspace. Get detailed visibility into inbound web traffic and actions taken to mitigate attacks.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Azure Front Door Standard or Premium (Plus WAF) should have resource logs enabled	Enable Resource logs for Azure Front Door Standard or Premium (plus WAF) and stream to a Log Analytics workspace. Get detailed visibility into inbound web traffic and actions taken to mitigate attacks.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Dependency agent should be enabled for listed virtual machine images	Reports virtual machines as non-compliant if the virtual machine image is not in the list defined and the agent is not installed. The list of OS images is updated over time as support is updated.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Dependency agent should be enabled in virtual machine scale sets for listed virtual machine images	Reports virtual machine scale sets as non-compliant if the virtual machine image is not in the list defined and the agent is not installed. The list of OS images is updated over time as support is updated.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Guest Configuration extension should be installed on your machines	To ensure secure configurations of in-guest settings of your machine, install the Guest Configuration extension. In-guest settings that the extension monitors include the configuration of the operating system, application configuration or presence, and environment settings. Once installed, in-guest policies will be available such as 'Windows Exploit guard should be enabled'. Learn more at https://aka.ms/gcpol.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.3
Log Analytics extension should be enabled in virtual machine scale sets for listed virtual machine images	Reports virtual machine scale sets as non-compliant if the virtual machine image is not in the list defined and the extension is not installed.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.1
Microsoft Defender for Containers should be enabled	Microsoft Defender for Containers provides hardening, vulnerability assessment and run-time protections for your Azure, hybrid, and multi-cloud Kubernetes environments.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Microsoft Defender for Storage should be enabled	Microsoft Defender for Storage detects potential threats to your storage accounts. It helps prevent the three major impacts on your data and workload: malicious file uploads, sensitive data exfiltration, and data corruption. The new Defender for Storage plan includes Malware Scanning and Sensitive Data Threat Detection. This plan also provides a predictable pricing structure (per storage account) for control over coverage and costs.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Network Watcher should be enabled	Network Watcher is a regional service that enables you to monitor and diagnose conditions at a network scenario level in, to, and from Azure. Scenario level monitoring enables you to diagnose problems at an end to end network level view. It is required to have a network watcher resource group to be created in every region where a virtual network is present. An alert is enabled if a network watcher resource group is not available in a particular region.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Resource logs in Azure Data Lake Store should be enabled	Audit enabling of resource logs. This enables you to recreate activity trails to use for investigation purposes; when a security incident occurs or when your network is compromised	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	5.0.0
Resource logs in Azure Databricks Workspaces should be enabled	Resource logs enable recreating activity trails to use for investigation purposes when a security incident occurs or when your network is compromised.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.1
Resource logs in Azure Kubernetes Service should be enabled	Azure Kubernetes Service's resource logs can help recreate activity trails when investigating security incidents. Enable it to make sure the logs will exist when needed	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0
Resource logs in Azure Machine Learning Workspaces should be enabled	Resource logs enable recreating activity trails to use for investigation purposes when a security incident occurs or when your network is compromised.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.1
Resource logs in Azure Stream Analytics should be enabled	Audit enabling of resource logs. This enables you to recreate activity trails to use for investigation purposes; when a security incident occurs or when your network is compromised	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	5.0.0
Resource logs in Batch accounts should be enabled	Audit enabling of resource logs. This enables you to recreate activity trails to use for investigation purposes; when a security incident occurs or when your network is compromised	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	5.0.0
Resource logs in Data Lake Analytics should be enabled	Audit enabling of resource logs. This enables you to recreate activity trails to use for investigation purposes; when a security incident occurs or when your network is compromised	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	5.0.0
Resource logs in Event Hub should be enabled	Audit enabling of resource logs. This enables you to recreate activity trails to use for investigation purposes; when a security incident occurs or when your network is compromised	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	5.0.0
Resource logs in IoT Hub should be enabled	Audit enabling of resource logs. This enables you to recreate activity trails to use for investigation purposes; when a security incident occurs or when your network is compromised	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.1.0
Resource logs in Key Vault should be enabled	Audit enabling of resource logs. This enables you to recreate activity trails to use for investigation purposes when a security incident occurs or when your network is compromised	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	5.0.0
Resource logs in Logic Apps should be enabled	Audit enabling of resource logs. This enables you to recreate activity trails to use for investigation purposes; when a security incident occurs or when your network is compromised	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	5.1.0
Resource logs in Search services should be enabled	Audit enabling of resource logs. This enables you to recreate activity trails to use for investigation purposes; when a security incident occurs or when your network is compromised	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	5.0.0
Resource logs in Service Bus should be enabled	Audit enabling of resource logs. This enables you to recreate activity trails to use for investigation purposes; when a security incident occurs or when your network is compromised	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	5.0.0
Virtual machines' Guest Configuration extension should be deployed with system-assigned managed identity	The Guest Configuration extension requires a system assigned managed identity. Azure virtual machines in the scope of this policy will be non-compliant when they have the Guest Configuration extension installed but do not have a system assigned managed identity. Learn more at https://aka.ms/gcpol	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.1

U.15.3 Logging and monitoring - Events logged

CSP maintains a list of all assets that are critical in terms of logging and monitoring and reviews this list.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.15.3 Ownership: Shared

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
[Preview]: Log Analytics Extension should be enabled for listed virtual machine images	Reports virtual machines as non-compliant if the virtual machine image is not in the list defined and the extension is not installed.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.1-preview
Audit diagnostic setting for selected resource types	Audit diagnostic setting for selected resource types. Be sure to select only resource types which support diagnostics settings.	AuditIfNotExists	2.0.1
Auditing on SQL server should be enabled	Auditing on your SQL Server should be enabled to track database activities across all databases on the server and save them in an audit log.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Dependency agent should be enabled for listed virtual machine images	Reports virtual machines as non-compliant if the virtual machine image is not in the list defined and the agent is not installed. The list of OS images is updated over time as support is updated.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Dependency agent should be enabled in virtual machine scale sets for listed virtual machine images	Reports virtual machine scale sets as non-compliant if the virtual machine image is not in the list defined and the agent is not installed. The list of OS images is updated over time as support is updated.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.0
Log Analytics extension should be enabled in virtual machine scale sets for listed virtual machine images	Reports virtual machine scale sets as non-compliant if the virtual machine image is not in the list defined and the extension is not installed.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	2.0.1

U.17.1 Multi-tenant architecture - Encrypted

CSC data on transport and at rest is encrypted.

ID: NL BIO Cloud Theme U.17.1 Ownership: Microsoft

Name (Azure portal)	Description	Effect(s)	Version (GitHub)
A maximum of 3 owners should be designated for your subscription	It is recommended to designate up to 3 subscription owners in order to reduce the potential for breach by a compromised owner.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Audit virtual machines without disaster recovery configured	Audit virtual machines which do not have disaster recovery configured. To learn more about disaster recovery, visit https://aka.ms/asr-doc.	auditIfNotExists	1.0.0
Azure Backup should be enabled for Virtual Machines	Ensure protection of your Azure Virtual Machines by enabling Azure Backup. Azure Backup is a secure and cost effective data protection solution for Azure.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
There should be more than one owner assigned to your subscription	It is recommended to designate more than one subscription owner in order to have administrator access redundancy.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	3.0.0
Vulnerability assessment should be enabled on your Synapse workspaces	Discover, track, and remediate potential vulnerabilities by configuring recurring SQL vulnerability assessment scans on your Synapse workspaces.	AuditIfNotExists, Disabled	1.0.0

Next steps

Additional articles about Azure Policy:

• Regulatory Compliance overview.
• See the initiative definition structure.
• Review other examples at Azure Policy samples.
• Review Understanding policy effects.
• Learn how to remediate non-compliant resources.