KB Hotfix
For known issues, Microsoft creates knowledge base articles (often shortened as KB followed by a number). Those articles can either just explain the issue, describe a workaround or offer a hotfix.
If the KB article for your problem offers a hotfix, you will find on the upper left the link to the downloads
If the article mentions a hotfix but doesn't offer the download link in the upper left, you can either call Microsoft to get it send to you (Microsoft Support) or you try to enter the following URL with the kb number of your article http://support.microsoft.com/hotfix/KBHotfix.aspx?kbnum=935677&kbln=en-us (this would be the example URL for the KB935677 article in english)
The hotfixes offered to you depend on the operation system and browser version/language you use when visiting the site.
However, you can chose to let you show every available variant.
Note that some hotfixes state they are for Windows 7/Vista or Windows 2008 R2/Windows2008. Windows 7 and Windows 2008 R2 use the same kernel, as do Windows Vista and Windows 2008. If a article mentions an issue for the server OS but only offers a package for the client OS, you can download that package.