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HashCode Struct

Definition

Combines the hash code for multiple values into a single hash code.

public struct HashCode
Inheritance
HashCode

Examples

The static methods in this class combine the default hash codes of up to eight values.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public struct OrderOrderLine : IEquatable<OrderOrderLine>
{
    public int OrderId { get; }
    public int OrderLineId { get; }

    public OrderOrderLine(int orderId, int orderLineId) => (OrderId, OrderLineId) = (orderId, orderLineId);

    public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj is OrderOrderLine o && Equals(o);

    public bool Equals(OrderOrderLine other) => OrderId == other.OrderId && OrderLineId == other.OrderLineId;

    public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(OrderId, OrderLineId);
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var set = new HashSet<OrderOrderLine>
        {
            new OrderOrderLine(1, 1),
            new OrderOrderLine(1, 1),
            new OrderOrderLine(1, 2)
        };

        Console.WriteLine($"Item count: {set.Count}.");
    }
}
// The example displays the following output:
// Item count: 2.

Important

ToHashCode() must be called at most once per instance of HashCode.

The instance methods in this class combine the hash codes of more than eight values.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public struct Path : IEquatable<Path>
{
    public IReadOnlyList<string> Segments { get; }

    public Path(params string[] segments) => Segments = segments;

    public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj is Path o && Equals(o);

    public bool Equals(Path other)
    {
        if (ReferenceEquals(Segments, other.Segments)) return true;
        if (Segments is null || other.Segments is null) return false;
        if (Segments.Count != other.Segments.Count) return false;

        for (var i = 0; i < Segments.Count; i++)
        {
            if (!string.Equals(Segments[i], other.Segments[i]))
                return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        var hash = new HashCode();

        for (var i = 0; i < Segments?.Count; i++)
            hash.Add(Segments[i]);

        return hash.ToHashCode();
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var set = new HashSet<Path>
        {
            new Path("C:", "tmp", "file.txt"),
            new Path("C:", "tmp", "file.txt"),
            new Path("C:", "tmp", "file.tmp")
        };

        Console.WriteLine($"Item count: {set.Count}.");
    }
}
// The example displays the following output:
// Item count: 2.

The instance methods also combine the hash codes produced by a specific IEqualityComparer<T> implementation.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public struct Path : IEquatable<Path>
{
    public IReadOnlyList<string> Segments { get; }

    public Path(params string[] segments) => Segments = segments;

    public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj is Path o && Equals(o);

    public bool Equals(Path other)
    {
        if (ReferenceEquals(Segments, other.Segments)) return true;
        if (Segments is null || other.Segments is null) return false;
        if (Segments.Count != other.Segments.Count) return false;

        for (var i = 0; i < Segments.Count; i++)
        {
            if (!string.Equals(Segments[i], other.Segments[i], StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        var hash = new HashCode();

        for (var i = 0; i < Segments?.Count; i++)
            hash.Add(Segments[i], StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

        return hash.ToHashCode();
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var set = new HashSet<Path>
        {
            new Path("C:", "tmp", "file.txt"),
            new Path("C:", "TMP", "file.txt"),
            new Path("C:", "tmp", "FILE.TXT")
        };

        Console.WriteLine($"Item count: {set.Count}.");
    }
}
// The example displays the following output:
// Item count: 1.

The HashCode structure must be passed by-reference to other methods, as it is a value type.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public struct Path : IEquatable<Path>
{
    public IReadOnlyList<string> Segments { get; }

    public Path(params string[] segments) => Segments = segments;

    public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj is Path o && Equals(o);

    public bool Equals(Path other)
    {
        if (ReferenceEquals(Segments, other.Segments)) return true;
        if (Segments is null || other.Segments is null) return false;
        if (Segments.Count != other.Segments.Count) return false;

        for (var i = 0; i < Segments.Count; i++)
        {
            if (!PlatformUtils.PathEquals(Segments[i], other.Segments[i]))
                return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        var hash = new HashCode();

        for (var i = 0; i < Segments?.Count; i++)
            PlatformUtils.AddPath(ref hash, Segments[i]);

        return hash.ToHashCode();
    }
}

internal static class PlatformUtils
{
    public static bool PathEquals(string a, string b) => string.Equals(a, b, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
    public static void AddPath(ref HashCode hash, string path) => hash.Add(path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var set = new HashSet<Path>
        {
            new Path("C:", "tmp", "file.txt"),
            new Path("C:", "TMP", "file.txt"),
            new Path("C:", "tmp", "FILE.TXT")
        };

        Console.WriteLine($"Item count: {set.Count}.");
    }
}
// The example displays the following output:
// Item count: 1.

Remarks

You can use HashCode to combine multiple values (for example, fields on a structure or class) into a single hash code. This structure has static and instance methods that operate differently:

  • The static methods accept a set of up to eight values to combine.
  • Two instance methods operate in a streaming fashion, accepting values one at a time.

Warning

It's best-practice to consider hash codes as an implementation detail, as the implementation may change across assembly versions. Do not store hash codes produced by HashCode in serialized structures, for example, on-disk. HashCode uses a statically initialized random seed to enforce this best practice, meaning that the hash codes are only deterministic within the scope of an operating system process.

Methods

Add<T>(T, IEqualityComparer<T>)

Adds a single value to the hash code, specifying the type that provides the hash code function.

Add<T>(T)

Adds a single value to the hash code.

AddBytes(ReadOnlySpan<Byte>)

Adds a span of bytes to the hash code.

Combine<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8>(T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8)

Combines eight values into a hash code.

Combine<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7>(T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7)

Combines seven values into a hash code.

Combine<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6>(T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6)

Combines six values into a hash code.

Combine<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5>(T1, T2, T3, T4, T5)

Combines five values into a hash code.

Combine<T1,T2,T3,T4>(T1, T2, T3, T4)

Combines four values into a hash code.

Combine<T1,T2,T3>(T1, T2, T3)

Combines three values into a hash code.

Combine<T1,T2>(T1, T2)

Combines two values into a hash code.

Combine<T1>(T1)

Diffuses the hash code returned by the specified value.

Equals(Object)
Obsolete.

This method is not supported and should not be called.

GetHashCode()
Obsolete.

This method is not supported and should not be called.

ToHashCode()

Calculates the final hash code after consecutive Add invocations.

Applies to

Product Versions
.NET Core 2.1, Core 2.2, Core 3.0, Core 3.1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
.NET Standard 2.0 (package-provided), 2.1