LogExtentCollection Class

Definition

Represents the collection of LogExtent objects associated with a LogStore.

public sealed class LogExtentCollection : System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.IO.Log.LogExtent>
Inheritance
LogExtentCollection
Implements

Examples

This example shows how to use the LogExtent and LogExtentCollection classes to add and emulate extents in a log sequence.

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.IO.Log;

namespace MyLogRecordSequence
{
    public class MyLog
    {
        string logName = "test.log";
        string logContainer = "MyExtent0";
        int containerSize = 32 * 1024;
        LogRecordSequence sequence = null;
        bool delete = true;

        // These are used in the TailPinned event handler.
        public static LogRecordSequence MySequence = null;
        public static bool AdvanceBase = true;

        public MyLog()
        {
            // Create a LogRecordSequence.
            sequence = new LogRecordSequence(this.logName,
                                              FileMode.CreateNew,
                                              FileAccess.ReadWrite,
                                              FileShare.None);

            // At least one container/extent must be added for Log Record Sequence.
            sequence.LogStore.Extents.Add(this.logContainer, this.containerSize);

            MySequence = sequence;
        }

        public void AddExtents()
        {
            // Add two additional extents. The extents are
            // of the same size as the first extent.
            sequence.LogStore.Extents.Add("MyExtent1");
            sequence.LogStore.Extents.Add("MyExtent2");
        }

        public void EnumerateExtents()
        {
            LogStore store = sequence.LogStore;

            Console.WriteLine("Enumerating Log Extents...");
            Console.WriteLine("    Extent Count: {0} extents", store.Extents.Count);
            Console.WriteLine("    Extents Are...");
            foreach (LogExtent extent in store.Extents)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("      {0} ({1}, {2})",
                                  Path.GetFileName(extent.Path),
                                  extent.Size,
                                  extent.State);
            }
            Console.WriteLine("    Free Extents: {0} Free", store.Extents.FreeCount);
        }

        public void SetLogPolicy()
        {
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Setting current log policy...");

            // SET LOG POLICY

            LogPolicy policy = sequence.LogStore.Policy;

            // Set AutoGrow policy. This enables the log to automatically grow
            // when the existing extents are full. New extents are added until
            // we reach the MaximumExtentCount extents.
            // AutoGrow policy is supported only in Windows Vista and not available in R2.

            //policy.AutoGrow = true;

            // Set the Growth Rate in terms of extents. This policy specifies
            // "how much" the log should grow.
            policy.GrowthRate = new PolicyUnit(2, PolicyUnitType.Extents);

            // Set the AutoShrink policy. This enables the log to automatically
            // shrink if the available free space exceeds the shrink percentage.
            // AutoGrow/shrink policy is supported only in Windows Vista and not available in R2.

            //policy.AutoShrinkPercentage = new PolicyUnit(30, PolicyUnitType.Percentage);

            // Set the PinnedTailThreshold policy.
            // A tail pinned event is triggered when there is no
            // log space available and log space may be freed by advancing the base.
            // The user must handle the tail pinned event by advancing the base of the log.
            // If the user is not able to move the base of the log, the user should report with exception in
            // the tail pinned handler.
            // PinnedTailThreashold policy dictates the amount of space that the TailPinned event requests
            // for advancing the base of the log. The amount of space can be in percentage or in terms of bytes
            // which is rounded off to the nearest containers in CLFS. The default is 35 percent.

            policy.PinnedTailThreshold = new PolicyUnit(10, PolicyUnitType.Percentage);

            // Set the maximum extents the log can have.
            policy.MaximumExtentCount = 6;

            // Set the minimum extents the log can have.
            policy.MinimumExtentCount = 2;

            // Set the prefix for new containers that are added.
            // when AutoGrow is enabled.
            //policy.NewExtentPrefix = "MyLogPrefix";

            // Set the suffix number for new containers that are added.
            // when AutoGrow is enabled.
            policy.NextExtentSuffix = 3;

            // Commit the log policy.
            policy.Commit();

            // Refresh updates the IO.Log policy properties with current log policy
            // set in the log.
            policy.Refresh();

            // LOG POLICY END
            //

            //+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
            // Setting up IO.Log provided capabilities...
            //

            // SET RETRY APPEND

            // IO.Log provides a mechanism similar to AutoGrow.
            // If the existing log is full and an append fails, setting RetryAppend
            // invokes the CLFS policy engine to add new extents and re-tries
            // record appends. If MaximumExtent count has been reached,
            // a SequenceFullException is thrown.
            //

            sequence.RetryAppend = true;

            // RETRY APPEND END

            // REGISTER FOR TAILPINNED EVENT NOTIFICATIONS

            // Register for TailPinned Event by passing in an event handler.
            // An event is raised when the log full condition is reached.
            // The user should either advance the base sequence number to the
            // nearest valid sequence number recommended in the tail pinned event or
            // report a failure that it is not able to advance the base sequence
            // number.
            //

            sequence.TailPinned += new EventHandler<TailPinnedEventArgs>(HandleTailPinned);

            Console.WriteLine("Done...");
        }

        public void ShowLogPolicy()
        {
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Showing current log policy...");

            LogPolicy policy = sequence.LogStore.Policy;

            Console.WriteLine("    Minimum extent count:  {0}", policy.MinimumExtentCount);
            Console.WriteLine("    Maximum extent count:  {0}", policy.MaximumExtentCount);
            Console.WriteLine("    Growth rate:           {0}", policy.GrowthRate);
            Console.WriteLine("    Pinned tail threshold: {0}", policy.PinnedTailThreshold);
            Console.WriteLine("    Auto shrink percent:   {0}", policy.AutoShrinkPercentage);
            Console.WriteLine("    Auto grow enabled:     {0}", policy.AutoGrow);
            Console.WriteLine("    New extent prefix:     {0}", policy.NewExtentPrefix);
            Console.WriteLine("    Next extent suffix:    {0}", policy.NextExtentSuffix);
    }

        // Append records. Appending three records.
        public void AppendRecords()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Appending Log Records...");
            SequenceNumber previous = SequenceNumber.Invalid;

            previous = sequence.Append(CreateData("Hello World!"), SequenceNumber.Invalid, SequenceNumber.Invalid, RecordAppendOptions.ForceFlush);
            previous = sequence.Append(CreateData("This is my first Logging App"), SequenceNumber.Invalid, SequenceNumber.Invalid, RecordAppendOptions.ForceFlush);
            previous = sequence.Append(CreateData("Using LogRecordSequence..."), SequenceNumber.Invalid, SequenceNumber.Invalid, RecordAppendOptions.ForceFlush);
    
            Console.WriteLine("Done...");
        }

        // Read the records added to the log.
        public void ReadRecords()
        {
            Encoding enc = Encoding.Unicode;

            Console.WriteLine();

            Console.WriteLine("Reading Log Records...");
            try
            {
                foreach (LogRecord record in this.sequence.ReadLogRecords(this.sequence.BaseSequenceNumber, LogRecordEnumeratorType.Next))
                {
                    byte[] data = new byte[record.Data.Length];
                    record.Data.Read(data, 0, (int)record.Data.Length);
                    string mystr = enc.GetString(data);
                    Console.WriteLine("    {0}", mystr);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception {0} {1}", e.GetType(), e.Message);
            }

            Console.WriteLine();
        }

        public void FillLog()
        {
            bool append = true;

            while (append)
            {
                try
                {
                    sequence.Append(CreateData(16 * 1024), SequenceNumber.Invalid, SequenceNumber.Invalid, RecordAppendOptions.ForceFlush);
                }

                catch (SequenceFullException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Log is Full...");
                    append = false;
                }
            }
        }

        // Dispose the record sequence and delete the log file.
        public void Cleanup()
        {
            // Dispose the sequence
            sequence.Dispose();

            // Delete the log file.
            if (delete)
            {
                try
                {
                    // This deletes the base log file and all the extents associated with the log.
                    LogStore.Delete(this.logName);
                }
                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Exception {0} {1}", e.GetType(), e.Message);
                }
            }
        }

        // Converts the given data to an Array of ArraySegment<byte>
        public static IList<ArraySegment<byte>> CreateData(string str)
        {
            Encoding enc = Encoding.Unicode;

            byte[] array = enc.GetBytes(str);

            ArraySegment<byte>[] segments = new ArraySegment<byte>[1];
            segments[0] = new ArraySegment<byte>(array);

            return Array.AsReadOnly<ArraySegment<byte>>(segments);
        }

        public static IList<ArraySegment<byte>> CreateData(int size)
        {
            byte[] array = new byte[size];

            Random rnd = new Random();
            rnd.NextBytes(array);

            ArraySegment<byte>[] segments = new ArraySegment<byte>[1];
            segments[0] = new ArraySegment<byte>(array);

            return Array.AsReadOnly<ArraySegment<byte>>(segments);
        }

        public static SequenceNumber GetAdvanceBaseSeqNumber(SequenceNumber recTargetSeqNum)
        {
            SequenceNumber targetSequenceNumber = SequenceNumber.Invalid;

            Console.WriteLine("Getting actual target sequence number...");

            //
            // Implement the logic for returning a valid sequence number closer to
            // recommended target sequence number.
            //

            return targetSequenceNumber;
        }

        public static void HandleTailPinned(object arg, TailPinnedEventArgs tailPinnedEventArgs)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("TailPinned has fired");

            // Based on the implementation of a logging application, the log base can be moved
            // to free up more log space and if it is not possible to move the
            // base, the application should report by throwing an exception.

            if(MyLog.AdvanceBase)
            {
                try
                {
                    // TailPnnedEventArgs has the recommended sequence number and its generated
                    // based on PinnedTailThreshold policy.
                    // This does not map to an actual sequence number in the record sequence
                    // but an approximation and potentially frees up the threshold % log space
                    // when the log base is advanced to a valid sequence number closer to the
                    // recommended sequence number.
                    // The user should use this sequence number to locate a closest valid sequence
                    // number to advance the base of the log.

                    SequenceNumber recommendedTargetSeqNum = tailPinnedEventArgs.TargetSequenceNumber;

                    // Get the actual Target sequence number.
                    SequenceNumber actualTargetSeqNum = MyLog.GetAdvanceBaseSeqNumber(recommendedTargetSeqNum);

                    MySequence.AdvanceBaseSequenceNumber(actualTargetSeqNum);
                }
                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Exception thrown {0} {1}", e.GetType(), e.Message);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Report back Error if under some conditions the log cannot
                // advance the base sequence number.

                Console.WriteLine("Reporting Error! Unable to move the base sequence number!");
                throw new IOException();
            }
        }
    }

    class LogSample
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // Create log record sequence.
            MyLog log = new MyLog();

            // Add additional extents.
            log.AddExtents();

            // Enumerate the current log extents.
            log.EnumerateExtents();

            // Set log policies and register for TailPinned event notifications.
            log.SetLogPolicy();

            log.ShowLogPolicy();

            // Append a few records and read the appended records.
            log.AppendRecords();
            log.ReadRecords();

            // Fill the Log to trigger log growth...and subsequent TailPinned notifications.
            log.FillLog();

            log.EnumerateExtents();

            log.Cleanup();
        }
    }
}

Remarks

This class contains a collection of LogExtent objects associated with a LogStore. A LogStore instance stores its data in a collection of disk extents, represented by LogExtent instances. A particular LogExtent is associated with one LogStore, and LogExtent objects in the same LogStore are of identical size. Space is added to and removed from a LogStore instance in extent increments.

Although LogExtent objects are represented on disk as files, they should not be moved or deleted as normal files. Rather, you should use the methods provided by this class for adding and deleting LogExtent instances directly. Extents are usually removed when they no longer contain any active data. However, if the force parameter in the Remove method is true, an exception is thrown if they cannot be removed immediately.

You cannot remove the last extent in the LogExtentCollection, which means that the Count property cannot be zero after an extent is added.

Properties

Count

Gets the number of log extents in the collection.

FreeCount

Gets the number of free LogExtent instances in the collection, that is, the number of LogExtent instances that do not contain any data.

Methods

Add(String, Int64)

Creates a new LogExtent with the specified size and adds it to the collection.

Add(String)

Adds a LogExtent instance to the collection.

Equals(Object)

Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.

(Inherited from Object)
GetEnumerator()

Gets an enumerator for the LogExtent instances in this collection. This method cannot be inherited.

GetHashCode()

Serves as the default hash function.

(Inherited from Object)
GetType()

Gets the Type of the current instance.

(Inherited from Object)
MemberwiseClone()

Creates a shallow copy of the current Object.

(Inherited from Object)
Remove(LogExtent, Boolean)

Removes the specified LogExtent instance from the collection.

Remove(String, Boolean)

Removes the LogExtent instance with the specified path from the collection.

ToString()

Returns a string that represents the current object.

(Inherited from Object)

Explicit Interface Implementations

IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()

Gets an enumerator for the LogExtent instances in this collection. This method cannot be inherited.

Extension Methods

CopyToDataTable<T>(IEnumerable<T>, DataTable, LoadOption, FillErrorEventHandler)

Copies DataRow objects to the specified DataTable, given an input IEnumerable<T> object where the generic parameter T is DataRow.

CopyToDataTable<T>(IEnumerable<T>, DataTable, LoadOption)

Copies DataRow objects to the specified DataTable, given an input IEnumerable<T> object where the generic parameter T is DataRow.

CopyToDataTable<T>(IEnumerable<T>)

Returns a DataTable that contains copies of the DataRow objects, given an input IEnumerable<T> object where the generic parameter T is DataRow.

Aggregate<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TSource,TSource>)

Applies an accumulator function over a sequence.

Aggregate<TSource,TAccumulate>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TAccumulate, Func<TAccumulate,TSource,TAccumulate>)

Applies an accumulator function over a sequence. The specified seed value is used as the initial accumulator value.

Aggregate<TSource,TAccumulate,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TAccumulate, Func<TAccumulate,TSource,TAccumulate>, Func<TAccumulate,TResult>)

Applies an accumulator function over a sequence. The specified seed value is used as the initial accumulator value, and the specified function is used to select the result value.

AggregateBy<TSource,TKey,TAccumulate>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource, TKey>, TAccumulate, Func<TAccumulate,TSource,TAccumulate>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Applies an accumulator function over a sequence, grouping results by key.

AggregateBy<TSource,TKey,TAccumulate>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource, TKey>, Func<TKey,TAccumulate>, Func<TAccumulate,TSource,TAccumulate>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Applies an accumulator function over a sequence, grouping results by key.

All<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)

Determines whether all elements of a sequence satisfy a condition.

Any<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)

Determines whether any element of a sequence satisfies a condition.

Any<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Determines whether a sequence contains any elements.

Append<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)

Appends a value to the end of the sequence.

AsEnumerable<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns the input typed as IEnumerable<T>.

Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Decimal>)

Computes the average of a sequence of Decimal values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Double>)

Computes the average of a sequence of Double values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32>)

Computes the average of a sequence of Int32 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int64>)

Computes the average of a sequence of Int64 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Decimal>>)

Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Decimal values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Double>>)

Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Double values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int32>>)

Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Int32 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int64>>)

Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Int64 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Single>>)

Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Single values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Single>)

Computes the average of a sequence of Single values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Cast<TResult>(IEnumerable)

Casts the elements of an IEnumerable to the specified type.

Chunk<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)

Splits the elements of a sequence into chunks of size at most size.

Concat<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)

Concatenates two sequences.

Contains<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)

Determines whether a sequence contains a specified element by using a specified IEqualityComparer<T>.

Contains<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)

Determines whether a sequence contains a specified element by using the default equality comparer.

Count<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)

Returns a number that represents how many elements in the specified sequence satisfy a condition.

Count<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns the number of elements in a sequence.

CountBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Returns the count of elements in the source sequence grouped by key.

DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)

Returns the elements of the specified sequence or the specified value in a singleton collection if the sequence is empty.

DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns the elements of the specified sequence or the type parameter's default value in a singleton collection if the sequence is empty.

Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)

Returns distinct elements from a sequence by using a specified IEqualityComparer<T> to compare values.

Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns distinct elements from a sequence by using the default equality comparer to compare values.

DistinctBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Returns distinct elements from a sequence according to a specified key selector function and using a specified comparer to compare keys.

DistinctBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)

Returns distinct elements from a sequence according to a specified key selector function.

ElementAt<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Index)

Returns the element at a specified index in a sequence.

ElementAt<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)

Returns the element at a specified index in a sequence.

ElementAtOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Index)

Returns the element at a specified index in a sequence or a default value if the index is out of range.

ElementAtOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)

Returns the element at a specified index in a sequence or a default value if the index is out of range.

Except<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)

Produces the set difference of two sequences by using the specified IEqualityComparer<T> to compare values.

Except<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)

Produces the set difference of two sequences by using the default equality comparer to compare values.

ExceptBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TKey>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Produces the set difference of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.

ExceptBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TKey>, Func<TSource,TKey>)

Produces the set difference of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.

First<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)

Returns the first element in a sequence that satisfies a specified condition.

First<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns the first element of a sequence.

FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)

Returns the first element of a sequence, or a specified default value if the sequence contains no elements.

FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>, TSource)

Returns the first element of the sequence that satisfies a condition, or a specified default value if no such element is found.

FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)

Returns the first element of the sequence that satisfies a condition or a default value if no such element is found.

FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns the first element of a sequence, or a default value if the sequence contains no elements.

GroupBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and compares the keys by using a specified comparer.

GroupBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)

Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function.

GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Groups the elements of a sequence according to a key selector function. The keys are compared by using a comparer and each group's elements are projected by using a specified function.

GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>)

Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and projects the elements for each group by using a specified function.

GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TKey,IEnumerable<TSource>,TResult>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and creates a result value from each group and its key. The keys are compared by using a specified comparer.

GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TKey,IEnumerable<TSource>,TResult>)

Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and creates a result value from each group and its key.

GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TElement,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource, TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, Func<TKey,IEnumerable<TElement>, TResult>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and creates a result value from each group and its key. Key values are compared by using a specified comparer, and the elements of each group are projected by using a specified function.

GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TElement,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, Func<TKey,IEnumerable<TElement>,TResult>)

Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and creates a result value from each group and its key. The elements of each group are projected by using a specified function.

GroupJoin<TOuter,TInner,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TOuter>, IEnumerable<TInner>, Func<TOuter,TKey>, Func<TInner,TKey>, Func<TOuter,IEnumerable<TInner>, TResult>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Correlates the elements of two sequences based on key equality and groups the results. A specified IEqualityComparer<T> is used to compare keys.

GroupJoin<TOuter,TInner,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TOuter>, IEnumerable<TInner>, Func<TOuter,TKey>, Func<TInner,TKey>, Func<TOuter,IEnumerable<TInner>, TResult>)

Correlates the elements of two sequences based on equality of keys and groups the results. The default equality comparer is used to compare keys.

Index<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns an enumerable that incorporates the element's index into a tuple.

Intersect<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)

Produces the set intersection of two sequences by using the specified IEqualityComparer<T> to compare values.

Intersect<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)

Produces the set intersection of two sequences by using the default equality comparer to compare values.

IntersectBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TKey>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Produces the set intersection of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.

IntersectBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TKey>, Func<TSource,TKey>)

Produces the set intersection of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.

Join<TOuter,TInner,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TOuter>, IEnumerable<TInner>, Func<TOuter,TKey>, Func<TInner,TKey>, Func<TOuter,TInner,TResult>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Correlates the elements of two sequences based on matching keys. A specified IEqualityComparer<T> is used to compare keys.

Join<TOuter,TInner,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TOuter>, IEnumerable<TInner>, Func<TOuter,TKey>, Func<TInner,TKey>, Func<TOuter,TInner,TResult>)

Correlates the elements of two sequences based on matching keys. The default equality comparer is used to compare keys.

Last<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)

Returns the last element of a sequence that satisfies a specified condition.

Last<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns the last element of a sequence.

LastOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)

Returns the last element of a sequence, or a specified default value if the sequence contains no elements.

LastOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>, TSource)

Returns the last element of a sequence that satisfies a condition, or a specified default value if no such element is found.

LastOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)

Returns the last element of a sequence that satisfies a condition or a default value if no such element is found.

LastOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns the last element of a sequence, or a default value if the sequence contains no elements.

LongCount<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)

Returns an Int64 that represents how many elements in a sequence satisfy a condition.

LongCount<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns an Int64 that represents the total number of elements in a sequence.

Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IComparer<TSource>)

Returns the maximum value in a generic sequence.

Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Decimal>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Decimal value.

Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Double>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Double value.

Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Int32 value.

Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int64>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Int64 value.

Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Decimal>>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Decimal value.

Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Double>>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Double value.

Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int32>>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Int32 value.

Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int64>>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Int64 value.

Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Single>>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Single value.

Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Single>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Single value.

Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns the maximum value in a generic sequence.

Max<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TResult>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a generic sequence and returns the maximum resulting value.

MaxBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IComparer<TKey>)

Returns the maximum value in a generic sequence according to a specified key selector function and key comparer.

MaxBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)

Returns the maximum value in a generic sequence according to a specified key selector function.

Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IComparer<TSource>)

Returns the minimum value in a generic sequence.

Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Decimal>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Decimal value.

Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Double>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Double value.

Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Int32 value.

Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int64>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Int64 value.

Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Decimal>>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Decimal value.

Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Double>>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Double value.

Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int32>>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Int32 value.

Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int64>>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Int64 value.

Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Single>>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Single value.

Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Single>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Single value.

Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns the minimum value in a generic sequence.

Min<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TResult>)

Invokes a transform function on each element of a generic sequence and returns the minimum resulting value.

MinBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IComparer<TKey>)

Returns the minimum value in a generic sequence according to a specified key selector function and key comparer.

MinBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)

Returns the minimum value in a generic sequence according to a specified key selector function.

OfType<TResult>(IEnumerable)

Filters the elements of an IEnumerable based on a specified type.

Order<T>(IEnumerable<T>, IComparer<T>)

Sorts the elements of a sequence in ascending order.

Order<T>(IEnumerable<T>)

Sorts the elements of a sequence in ascending order.

OrderBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IComparer<TKey>)

Sorts the elements of a sequence in ascending order by using a specified comparer.

OrderBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)

Sorts the elements of a sequence in ascending order according to a key.

OrderByDescending<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IComparer<TKey>)

Sorts the elements of a sequence in descending order by using a specified comparer.

OrderByDescending<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)

Sorts the elements of a sequence in descending order according to a key.

OrderDescending<T>(IEnumerable<T>, IComparer<T>)

Sorts the elements of a sequence in descending order.

OrderDescending<T>(IEnumerable<T>)

Sorts the elements of a sequence in descending order.

Prepend<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)

Adds a value to the beginning of the sequence.

Reverse<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Inverts the order of the elements in a sequence.

Select<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TResult>)

Projects each element of a sequence into a new form.

Select<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,TResult>)

Projects each element of a sequence into a new form by incorporating the element's index.

SelectMany<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,IEnumerable<TResult>>)

Projects each element of a sequence to an IEnumerable<T> and flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence.

SelectMany<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,IEnumerable<TResult>>)

Projects each element of a sequence to an IEnumerable<T>, and flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence. The index of each source element is used in the projected form of that element.

SelectMany<TSource,TCollection,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,IEnumerable<TCollection>>, Func<TSource,TCollection,TResult>)

Projects each element of a sequence to an IEnumerable<T>, flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence, and invokes a result selector function on each element therein.

SelectMany<TSource,TCollection,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,IEnumerable<TCollection>>, Func<TSource,TCollection,TResult>)

Projects each element of a sequence to an IEnumerable<T>, flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence, and invokes a result selector function on each element therein. The index of each source element is used in the intermediate projected form of that element.

SequenceEqual<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)

Determines whether two sequences are equal by comparing their elements by using a specified IEqualityComparer<T>.

SequenceEqual<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)

Determines whether two sequences are equal by comparing the elements by using the default equality comparer for their type.

Single<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)

Returns the only element of a sequence that satisfies a specified condition, and throws an exception if more than one such element exists.

Single<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns the only element of a sequence, and throws an exception if there is not exactly one element in the sequence.

SingleOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)

Returns the only element of a sequence, or a specified default value if the sequence is empty; this method throws an exception if there is more than one element in the sequence.

SingleOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>, TSource)

Returns the only element of a sequence that satisfies a specified condition, or a specified default value if no such element exists; this method throws an exception if more than one element satisfies the condition.

SingleOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)

Returns the only element of a sequence that satisfies a specified condition or a default value if no such element exists; this method throws an exception if more than one element satisfies the condition.

SingleOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns the only element of a sequence, or a default value if the sequence is empty; this method throws an exception if there is more than one element in the sequence.

Skip<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)

Bypasses a specified number of elements in a sequence and then returns the remaining elements.

SkipLast<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)

Returns a new enumerable collection that contains the elements from source with the last count elements of the source collection omitted.

SkipWhile<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)

Bypasses elements in a sequence as long as a specified condition is true and then returns the remaining elements.

SkipWhile<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,Boolean>)

Bypasses elements in a sequence as long as a specified condition is true and then returns the remaining elements. The element's index is used in the logic of the predicate function.

Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Decimal>)

Computes the sum of the sequence of Decimal values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Double>)

Computes the sum of the sequence of Double values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32>)

Computes the sum of the sequence of Int32 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int64>)

Computes the sum of the sequence of Int64 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Decimal>>)

Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Decimal values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Double>>)

Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Double values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int32>>)

Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Int32 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int64>>)

Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Int64 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Single>>)

Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Single values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Single>)

Computes the sum of the sequence of Single values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.

Take<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)

Returns a specified number of contiguous elements from the start of a sequence.

Take<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Range)

Returns a specified range of contiguous elements from a sequence.

TakeLast<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)

Returns a new enumerable collection that contains the last count elements from source.

TakeWhile<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)

Returns elements from a sequence as long as a specified condition is true.

TakeWhile<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,Boolean>)

Returns elements from a sequence as long as a specified condition is true. The element's index is used in the logic of the predicate function.

ToArray<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Creates an array from a IEnumerable<T>.

ToDictionary<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Creates a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function and key comparer.

ToDictionary<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)

Creates a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function.

ToDictionary<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Creates a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function, a comparer, and an element selector function.

ToDictionary<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>)

Creates a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to specified key selector and element selector functions.

ToHashSet<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)

Creates a HashSet<T> from an IEnumerable<T> using the comparer to compare keys.

ToHashSet<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Creates a HashSet<T> from an IEnumerable<T>.

ToList<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Creates a List<T> from an IEnumerable<T>.

ToLookup<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Creates a Lookup<TKey,TElement> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function and key comparer.

ToLookup<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)

Creates a Lookup<TKey,TElement> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function.

ToLookup<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Creates a Lookup<TKey,TElement> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function, a comparer and an element selector function.

ToLookup<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>)

Creates a Lookup<TKey,TElement> from an IEnumerable<T> according to specified key selector and element selector functions.

TryGetNonEnumeratedCount<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)

Attempts to determine the number of elements in a sequence without forcing an enumeration.

Union<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)

Produces the set union of two sequences by using a specified IEqualityComparer<T>.

Union<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)

Produces the set union of two sequences by using the default equality comparer.

UnionBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)

Produces the set union of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.

UnionBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)

Produces the set union of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.

Where<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)

Filters a sequence of values based on a predicate.

Where<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,Boolean>)

Filters a sequence of values based on a predicate. Each element's index is used in the logic of the predicate function.

Zip<TFirst,TSecond>(IEnumerable<TFirst>, IEnumerable<TSecond>)

Produces a sequence of tuples with elements from the two specified sequences.

Zip<TFirst,TSecond,TThird>(IEnumerable<TFirst>, IEnumerable<TSecond>, IEnumerable<TThird>)

Produces a sequence of tuples with elements from the three specified sequences.

Zip<TFirst,TSecond,TResult>(IEnumerable<TFirst>, IEnumerable<TSecond>, Func<TFirst,TSecond,TResult>)

Applies a specified function to the corresponding elements of two sequences, producing a sequence of the results.

AsParallel(IEnumerable)

Enables parallelization of a query.

AsParallel<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Enables parallelization of a query.

AsQueryable(IEnumerable)

Converts an IEnumerable to an IQueryable.

AsQueryable<TElement>(IEnumerable<TElement>)

Converts a generic IEnumerable<T> to a generic IQueryable<T>.

Ancestors<T>(IEnumerable<T>, XName)

Returns a filtered collection of elements that contains the ancestors of every node in the source collection. Only elements that have a matching XName are included in the collection.

Ancestors<T>(IEnumerable<T>)

Returns a collection of elements that contains the ancestors of every node in the source collection.

DescendantNodes<T>(IEnumerable<T>)

Returns a collection of the descendant nodes of every document and element in the source collection.

Descendants<T>(IEnumerable<T>, XName)

Returns a filtered collection of elements that contains the descendant elements of every element and document in the source collection. Only elements that have a matching XName are included in the collection.

Descendants<T>(IEnumerable<T>)

Returns a collection of elements that contains the descendant elements of every element and document in the source collection.

Elements<T>(IEnumerable<T>, XName)

Returns a filtered collection of the child elements of every element and document in the source collection. Only elements that have a matching XName are included in the collection.

Elements<T>(IEnumerable<T>)

Returns a collection of the child elements of every element and document in the source collection.

InDocumentOrder<T>(IEnumerable<T>)

Returns a collection of nodes that contains all nodes in the source collection, sorted in document order.

Nodes<T>(IEnumerable<T>)

Returns a collection of the child nodes of every document and element in the source collection.

Remove<T>(IEnumerable<T>)

Removes every node in the source collection from its parent node.

Applies to

Product Versions
.NET Framework 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 4.5.1, 4.5.2, 4.6, 4.6.1, 4.6.2, 4.7, 4.7.1, 4.7.2, 4.8, 4.8.1

See also